Yini ekhuthaza abaxhasi ukuba banikele?
ukugqugquzela izinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo ukuba zamukele izibophezelo zokuqinisekisa ngokunakwa nokugcinwa kwamaqophelo aphakeme enqubo: ukusingatha umsebenzi ngokuyiqiniso; ukusebenzisa izinsiza ngokufanele; ukuqoqa izimali ngempumelelo; ukugcina ubudlelwane obakhayo nohulumeni, yimiphakathi ethintekayo, abanikelayo, abaxhasi kanye nomphakathi; ukuphatha ihovisi lenhlangano ngokucophelela; nokuziphatha ngenhlonipho.
Umnyango wezeNhlalakahle usungule umgomo ohambisana nezidingo zoMthetho ka1997 weziNhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo, ngokubonisana nezinhlangano ezimbalwa nezingamalunga zalapha eNingizimu Afrika. Lemigomo yimiphumela yombono owodwa walokho okubonakala njengenqubo enhle ekuholeni nasekuphatheni izinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo, akukhathalekile ubukhulu benhlangano. Okugxiliswe kakhulu yizinto ezifana nokusebenza ngobulungiswa, ukugcinwa kwezindaba zokuphatha, ukuqoqwa kwezimali kanye nokubhekelwa komphakathi othintekayo. Kunethemba lokuthi ngalemihlahlandlela zonke izinhlangano ezibhalise ngaphansi koMthetho wezinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo ziyowemukela lomhlahlandlela, ziwusebenzise ngenjongo yokuzithuthukisa kanjalo nokuqhakambisa lemboni lapha eNingizimu Afrika.
Zintathu izindawo ezisobala nokuqondiswe kakhulu kuzo ngalomgomo wokuziphatha, lezizigaba zihlanganiswe zafakwa ngaphansi komqulu owodwa. Kuyinto eqondakalayo ukuthi umphakathi ophumeleleyo wenhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo uyazuza ngemisebenzi egamanxayo yalabo abanikelayo, abaqoqa izimali nabengamele izinsiza nemisebenzi yenhlangano.
Umgomo wokuziphatha kahle mkhulu, kodwa awuvezi ngokujulile amaqophelo okuziphatha amile. Abagcini-zikhundla enhlanganweni engasebenzeli nzuzo banezibophelelo zokwengamela nokuphatha inhlangano ngendlela enqala neyimpumelelo nokugcina umthetho olawulwe wumthetho-sisekelo wenhlangano. Ngokucabanga ukuthi lomgomo uyosetshenziswa yizinhlangano ezehlukeni, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingefani, lomqulu uvulekile kanti ulotshwe ngendlela ewenze ube lula ukuwuqonda nokuwusebenzisa.
Isisebenzi sokugcinwa kwamabhuku - umuntu ogidlabezwe umsebenzi wokubheka isimo sezimali enhlanganweni zonke izinsuku. Lona kungaba ngumsebenzi owenziwa ngokugcwele noma ngezikhathi ezithile, unganikwa umuntu wangaphandle noma ibhizinisi eliwenzayo noma kube yivolontiya, kuya ngobukhulu nokujula kwemisebenzi yenhlangano, umthamo wemali ezuzwayo noma leyo ekhokhwayo..
umphathi-hovisi - umuntu onikwe umsebenzi wokubheka ihovisi zonke izinsuku enhlanganweni. Lomsebenzi ungenziwa ngokugcwele noma ngezikhathi ezithile, noma wenziwe yivolontiya, kuye ngobukhulu nangokujula kwemisebenzi yenhlangano.
inhloko yokuphatha- umuntu ogidlabezwe ngesibophezelelo sokuba yikhanda lenhlangano ngokugcwele, ngezikhathi ezithile noma njengevolontiya. Lona uqashwa yisigungu sokwengamela seNPO kanti wethula imibiko kusona lesi sigungu ngakho konke okwenzeka enhlanganweni zonke izinsuku.
umeluleki - Izinhlangano eziningi ezingasebenzeli inzuzo azinazo izinsiza nemali yokuqasha bonke abantu nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ekuqhubeni izinhlelo, ukwenza umsebenzi nokuqoqa izimali. Kungenzeka eminye yalemisebenzi bayinikele ezandleni zabeluleki bangaphandle abaqashelwa ukunikela ngalobuchwepheshe. Lezi zinqumo kungaba ngeziqondene ngqo nalemisebenzi, kube okwesikhathi esifushane noma esiphakathi.
abanikelayo - Umuntu ngamunye noma isikhungo noma isikhungo esivuma ngokwaso ukunikela ngezinsiza izikhathi eziningi nokungaba yimali, ngemuva kwezicelo ezimbalwa ezethulwe yinhlangano, ukuze kwesekwe izinhlelo, nezindleko zansuku zonke.
Umqoqi-zimali- Umuntu osebenza ngokugcwele, ngezikhathi ezithile noma njengevolontiya, inhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo ukuthola izinsiza noma imali ekuhlangabezeni izinhlelo, imisebenzi ehlosiwe nezindleko zomsebenzi. Lomsebenzi ungabelwa nabantu noma umuntu wangaphandle noma ibhizinisi eliyobhekana nokuqoqa izimali.
Isigungu sokwengamela - iqoqo lamalunga enhlangano engasebenzeli inzuzo abaqokwe noma abamenyelwe ukusebenza njengabaholi enhlanganweni. Isigungu sokwengamela singanikwa isihloko, kwezinye sokuba: Ibhodi, ibhodi yabaqondisi, Umkhandlu noma Ikomidi yokulawula.
impokophelelo - isitatimende esifushane nesicacisa ngenhloso nezinjongo zenhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo, nesicacisa ngesizathu sokubakhona kwenhlangano.
Impokophelelo kufanele ibuyekezwe njalonjalo.
Umgcini-sikhundla- umuntu ogunyazwe ukuba nesikhundla nokuba namandla okuphatha nesibophezelelo enhlanganweni noma ku-NPO.
Lokhu kungenzeka ngokusingatha ngenhloso yokuqondisa izigwegwe nokuhola ngobulungiswa noma ukuphatha nje; njengesisebenzi esisebenza ngokugcwele, izikhathi ezithile noma njengevolontiya. I-NPO yamukela imigomo yokuzihlahlela indlela ezimweni ezibucayi nezifuna ukuqondisiswa. Umgomo ngamunye uchaza amagugu abalulekile enhlangano kanti uyisitatimende esinqala sempokophelelo yenhlangano. Imigomo iphendula imibuzo ngendlela inhlangano esebenza ngayo emazingeni ehlukene kanjalo ikhomba indlela okuyosetshenzwa ngayo esikhathini esizayo.
Osingethe uhlelo- umuntu osebenza ngokugcwele, izikhathi ezithile noma njengevolontiya, I-NPO njengeso lomnini noma uhlelo olusungulelwe ukufeza izinhloso. Akuvamile ukuthi lesi sibophezelelo sinikwe umuntu wangaphandle noma emabhizinisini ahweba ngalomsebenzi.
umxhasi - umuntu noma isikhungo eseseka I-NPO ngokusobala, noma imisebenzi yayo noma imigubho, imvama ukukhangisa ngabaxhasi noma izimpahla okanye imisebenzi yabaxhasi. Izimali noma ezinye izinsiza zinikelwa kwi-NPO ngethemba lokuthola okuthile. Lesi sivumelwano saziwa ngokukhangisa okunenhloso phakathi.
ivolontiya - umuntu osiza I-NPO emisebenzini yayo, ezinhlelweni zasehovisi noma ekuqoqweni kwezimali, ngaphandle kokufuna inhlawulo noma inkokhelo. Izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni levolontiya zivame ukukhokhwa yi-NPO, kanti kuyenzeka kube khona imadlana ayitholayo njengokubonga nje.
Amaqembu amathathu ahluke ngokucacile anomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomphakathi wezwe laseNingizimu Afrika lentando yeningi. Elokuqala lalamaqembu uHulumeni, lapho wonke umuntu ekwazi khona ukuzwakalisa uvo lwakhe ngempilo yezombangazwe kanye nokusingathwa kwempilo emphakathini. Uhulumeni uvotelwa ngokubanjwa kokhetho, uletha izidingo zomphakathi kanti lemisebenzi nezidingo zikhokhwa ngemali yentela yabantu ngabanye kanye nezikhungo ezehlukene. Lemali yenezelwa wusizo oluvela emazweni angaphandle, emkhakheni wokweboleka noma imali ewuxhaso.
Iqembu lesibili yimboni ezimele noma amabhizinisi. Umthelela emphakathini uzwakala lapho kufezeka izidingo nenkanuko yabantu ngabanye ekuhlangabezaneni nokuphakelwa kwempahla noma imisebenzi ngentengo ethile. Impendulo yalesisimo inkokhelo yempahla neyemisebenzi okwenzeka ngokuziqokela, loluxhaso oluvela emphakathini lwenza amabhizinisi aqhubeke nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi, ngaleyondlela akwazi ukuzenzela inzuzo.
Iqembu lesithathu yimboni yeziNhlangano ezingasebenzeli ukwenza inzuzo (NPO). Lesisigaba senziwa yizinhlangano eziqala ngokuthi abantu abathile emphakathini bevumelana ngokuhlangana basebenzele inhloso eyodwa. Uxhaso olukhulu ngasekuqaleni luvela kubasunguli nabakhipha kwawabo amaphakethe ukuhlangabezana nezindleko, kamuva kuba nezicelo zoxhaso kulabo abangafaka isandla ukuthuthukisa nokwenza iphupho lenhlangano libe yimpumelelo. Usizo luyavela nasezikhwameni zikahulumeni, oxhasweni noma kusetshenziswe izimali eziqongelelwe yinhlangano ngokwayo.
Uma othile noma iqoqo labathile abanomqondo ofanayo bebona isidingo noma inkinga emphakathini, bese benza imizamo yokuxazulula lesosidingo noma inkinga, basuke sebesemgudweini wokusungula inhlangano. Uma leso senzo sichuma ngenxa yaleyo mizamo yabo ngokubumbana baqhube uhlelo, kusuke sekuzalwa yonake inhlangano. Izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi zigcina kulesi sigaba sokuzenzela, zinikwa umfutho ngabasunguli kanye namalunga azo. Lapho inhlangano seyifuna ukwaziwa noma isifuna usizo ngaphezu kwalokho enakho, kumele ibumbe umthetho-sisekelo olotshiwe. Lokhu kubandakanya okulandelayo: ukuqokwa kwesigungu sokwengamela (Ikomidi noma Ibhodi); ukubhalwa komthetho-sisekelo; ukuvula I-akhawunti ebhange; ukubhalisa inhlangano ngaphandle kwempoqo ngaphansi koMthetho weziNhlangano ezingasebenzeli inzuzo; ukubhalisa ngaphandle kwempoqo njengenkampani ewuSection 21 nengahlose kwenza nzuzo, noma njengeTrust ngaphansi koMthetho wamaDeed (Trust Deed Act).
Imboni engasebenzeli ukwenza inzuzo, njengazo zonke ezinye izimboni yahlukumezeka ngenxa yonswinyo, imithetho evimbayo, usizo oluncane kanye nokwentuleka kobudlelwane obanele nezinye izimboni.
Ukugwema lenkinga, kusemqoka kakhulu ukulungisa ubudlelwane, ukwethulwa kwezidingo zomphakathi, ukusebenza ngokusobala, ukuzibophezelela emsebenzini, ukusebenza okunobulungiswa kanye nokwengamela okuqinisekisa ngentuthuko ezweni lakithi. Lemigomo yokuziphatha isungulwe ngokwesekwa ngamakhulu ama-NGO kanye namaCBO. Lemigomo isuselwe emthethosisekelweni waseNingizimu Afrika, kuyoba nemizamo yokugqugquzela ushintsho nokuvundisa imboni yamaNPO. Imigomo yencike endimeni enqala eyobanjwa yiwo qobo amaNPO.
Elinye igxathu elibalulekile ngasekuqaleni kokusungulwa kweNPO, ukubunjwa kwesitatimende seMpokophelelo. Uma umuntu noma idlanzana labo lithatha isinyathelo sokuhlangabezana nesidingo somphakathi noma inkinga, basuke bephokophelele okuthize, benombono. Lowombono ngowokwenza ngcono impilo yabantu emphakathini, noma ngalelolanga lapho isidingo siyofezeka khona ngempumelelo noma kuxazululeke leyonkinga. Ezinhlanganweni ezifuna inzuzo esingathi amabhizinisi, umfutho ziwuthola enhlosweni yokuthola inzuzo. Ama-NPO asebenza ngentshisekelo yokufeza iphupho lawo eliwumbono.
I-NPO, ukuqhubeka kwemisebenzi yayo, isidingo sayo sezinsiza nosizo nendlela esebenza ngayo ukugcina ubumbano, konke lokhu kuhlose ukufinyelela ephupheni eliyi-Mpokophelelo. Konke ukuhlela, kungaba wuhlelo oluqondile noma ukufuna izimali, kugxile esidingweni sokuzuza impokophelelo.
Abaholi bamaNPO basheshe bakuqonde ukuthi banezibophezelelo ezintathu emisebenzini yabo, nokuhambisana nokufeza impokophelelo nokuqiniseka ngokuphumelela kanjalo nokukhula kwenhlangano. Okokuqala maziqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lokwethula izidingo luhambisana nezidingo zomphakathi noma izinkinga ezikhona ngendlela egculisayo nefanelekile. Okwesibili ukwakha isisekelo esiqinile (ngasemalini nezinye izidingo)ukuze inhlangano ikwazi ukubhekana nenselelo ebekiwe. Okwesithathu, ukubeka imigudu ehlelekile yokuphatha ngobulungiswa yonke impahla nezinhlelo zenhlangano.
Uma imisebenzi yenhlangano ikhula ngesivinini lapho kungaselula ukusingatha ngesikhathi sokuvolontiya, ikomidi noma ibhodi kumele ithathe isinqumo sokuqasha umuntu oyosebenza ngokugcwele noma oyosebenza izikhathi ezithile. Umuntu wokuqala ukuqashwa ubizwa ngoMdidiyeli (co-ordinator), imenenja, noma Inhloko yokuphatha (CE), kanti ubika esigungwini sokuphatha senhlangano.
Ukukhula komsebenzi, isidingo sokuqoqa imali, umsebenzi wokusingatha izimali nowasehovisi uyokhula kuze kufanele kuqashwe nabanye futhi abasebenzi, lokhu kungenziwa yiNhloko yokuphatha. Omunye umsebenzi uyoqhubeka nokwenziwa ngamavolontiya, noma labo abasebenza ngezikhathi ezithile. Manje sewunesakhiwo esinamavolontiya ezingeni eliphezulu - abasezikhundleni ebhodini, abasebenzi abakhokhelwayo ezingeni eliphansi, amavolontiya ngaphansi kwabaqashiwe - bonke basiza ekwethuleni izidingo noma ekuqoqeni izimali.
Ngaphandle kokwehlukana kwezimiso nemisebenzi yamaNPO, kulindeleke ukuba kube nokuvumelana nenkambiso evamile okuyophawuleka ngayo lemboni. Lenkambiso ithelelwa yisidingo seNPO sokusiza ukulwa nobumpofu kanye nokungalingani, nentshisekelo yokwenza ngcono impilo nesimo sika wonke wonke lapha eNingizimu Afrika.
ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlangano iba mdibi munye nezinhlangano ezishiyelana umqondo nemigomo efanayo.
Ukuze iNPO ikwazi ukubhekana nenselelo yayo yokufeza izinhloso, abagcini-zikhundla kumele bame ngomumo futhi babe nezinsiza ezanele ukubhekana nezimo zansukuzonke. Ukuze iNPO ikwazi ukukhiqiza ngemfanelo, isigungu sokwengamela kanye nabasebenzi abaholayo kumele bazinikele emsebenzini, babe nogqozi, futhi bazikhandle. Isigungu sokwengamela kanye nabasebenzi abaholayo banezibophezelelo ezixhantile nezicacile okumele bazilandele ukuya empumelelweni.
Isigungu sokwengamela seNPO sivela ngesimo okudaleka ngaso leyonhlangano. Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi uma sekuba nezinguquko nokukhula kwenhlangano, isigungu sokwengamela sibhekana nenselelo yoguquko nokushintsha kokulindelwe kuso.
Empilweni noma ezigabeni zokukhula kwenhlangano, kubalulekile ukuthi isigungu sokwengamela sicacise ngemisebenzi yaso. Isigungu sokwengamela esihambisana neqophelo lomthetho oqoshwe kumthetho-sisekelo ngesikhathi ibhaliswe inhlangano, inqubo emsebenzini waso kusibeka endimeni yempumelelo ephelezelwa wukwengamela okuhle nenqubo enobulungiswa yokuziphatha. Iqhaza elibanjwe yisigungu sokwengamela sibaluleke kakhulu enhlanganweni, kanti imisebenzi eyenziwa lapha kumele ithathelwe phezulu. Wonke amalunga asesigungwini sokwengamela kanye nesigungu ngokwaso kuthathwa njengombimbi olufanele luchaze ngazo zonke izehlo ezenzakalayo enhlanganweni. Omunye umsebenzi ungabelwa abantu bangaphandle, kodwa ekugcineni isibophezelelo sokuchaza ngokwenzekile nemiphumela angeke kwedluliswa.
AmaNPO amaningi aye aveze ukuthi aqalwa ngumphakathi othile okungenzeka ukuthi wawunezidingo ezithize, ufuna ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibekiwe, noma ufuna ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezibaluliwe ukufeza leyonhloso. Amalunga esigungu sokwengamela avame ukuzithola emaphakathi kulezizimo eziphawuliwe. Izimo eziphawuliwe yilezo zokufuna izidingo zokuhlangabezana nesidingo esithile noma ukusebenzisa izinsiza ekubhekaneni nesidingo. Iqophelo lokusebenza kwesigungu sokwengamela sikalwa ngokubheka izinga okunakekelwa ngalo, ukwethembeka nokuthobela izinjongo ezinqala zenhlangano.
Umsebenzi nezinga lokunakekela: ukusebenza njengomuntu ovamile, kufaniswa nalokho okungalindelwa kumuntu onobuhlakani, uma enikwa umsebenzi ofanayo; ukusebenza ngokucophelela, nokuba mdibi. Kunzima ukulinganisa isikhathi, ikhono kanye nokuqaphelisisa noma izenzo ezingalindelwa kumuntu oyilunga lesigungu.
Leliqophelo lokusebenza lifuna kuthathwe izinqumo ngokuqongelela ulwazi olwanele. Akudingekile ukuthi amalunga esigungu aze abe ngochwepheshe ezintweni zonke ezethulwa phambi kwawo, kodwa kulindelwe ukuba lelo lunga elinobuchwepheshe emkhakheni othile libe nesandla odabeni oludinga lobo buchwepheshe njengelunga. Akudingekile ukuba ilunga lizimbandakanye ngokugcwele nazo zonke izenzo nezinqumo nesigungu sokwengamela. Isidingo sokusebenza ngokunakekela siyakwamukela ukwedluliselwa kwamandla kwamanye amalunga, ekomidini noma abantu bangaphandle, uma kunesizathu esifanelekile.
isibophezelo sokwethembeka: ukusebenza ngokwethembeka nokuqhakambisa izifiso zenhlangano kuqala ezenzweni. Ukusebenza ngokwethembeka kuchaza umgomo lapho umuntu eyokhiphela khona inhlangano isifuba mayelana nesimo sokushayisana kwezifiso zakhe nezenhlangano (conflict of interest).
Masichazwe ngokugcwele lesisimo; masivunywe yiningi lamalunga esigungu sokwengamela; makuhlomule kakhulu inhlangano ngezinqumo ezithathwayo.
Olunye uhlobo lokwethembeka luvezwa uma ilunga elithile nenhlangano besesimweni sokuncintisana ngokuhlomula ngomsebenzi obekiwe. Ilunga lingaqhubeka nethuba lelo kuphela uma inhlangano ivuma ngokwayo ukuhoxa kulelo thuba.
isibophezelo sokuzithoba: ukusebenza ngendlela ehlose ukuthi inhlangano isebenze ngokulandela imithetho ebekiwe, imithetho eqondene ngqo nokubunjwa kwenhlangano ngokunjalo nokuhambisana nomthetho-sisekelo kanye nempokophelelo yayo. Izinyathelo ezithathwa ngokuphikisana nemilayelo yenhlangano ayamukelekile.
b. ukuthi isigungu sokwengamela namalunga asiqhuba kanjani lesi sibophezelelo kuyehlukana ngenxa yezimo eziningi, singaphawula izinto ezifana nesibalo sabasebenzi nenani lesabelo sezimali; ukuthi inhlangana intsha yini, noma yabunjwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule.
c. abukho ubukhulu besigungu sokwengamela esingathathwa njengesiyiso nesifanele nesiwujikelele, isibalo sakhono siya ngokwehlukana kwezimo.
d. zonke izinhlangano ziyaguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lokhu kuletha isidingo sokubuyekeza isimo, ukuhlela kabusha ngesinye isikhathi kudingekekile. Uma kwenzeka, uhlaka lokwengamela lungabuyekezwa kabusha lonke.
e. isigungu sokwengamela namalunga afika esicongweni sokusebenza ngokuzibuza imibuzo ethile emayelana nokuzibophezela kwawo, hhayi nje ukuqhuba uhlelo noma ukuqhuba imigomo yabo ngaphandle kokuzibheka ukuthi basesendleleni efanele yini.
isigungu kufanele sikhiqize imiqulu eveza ngokusobala izizathu zobukhona benhlangano - impokophelelo yayo, izinhloso nezinjongo kanye nemigomo. Lokhu kumbandakanya umgomo wokuxazulula ukushayisana kwezifiso okuhloswe ngakho ukugwema isimo lapho ilunga noma esinye sezisebenzi esingatholakala sesizuza okuthile ngenxa yesikhundla noma ukusebenzela inhlangano.
Kumele kuchazwe isidingo noma inkinga ehloswe ukuxazululwa, umphakathi osetshenzelwayo kanye nomphakathi oweseka lomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kumele isigungu sikwazi ukunika incazelo ngokwehluka kwenhlangano kwezinye, nekhono lokuheha abaxhasi ukuze isimame. Isigungu sokwengamela kumele sibe yisibonelo ekulandeleni umthetho-sisekelo waso, imigomo namaqhinga anqala esizibekele wona.
ukufeza impokophelelo nenhloso yenhlangano, isigungu sokwengamela kufanele sikhethe uhlobo lwabantu abayohola inhlangano, Inhloko yokuphatha (chief executive officer), esikhathini esiningi abasebenzi abaphezulu, kungaba ngabasebenza ngokugcwele, ngezikhathi ezithile noma amavolontiya. Lokhu kumele kuhlanganise nokudwetshwa kwengqikithi yemisebenzi elindelwe kumuntu oqokelwe lezi zikhundla nokuthi iyolawulwa kanjani inhloko yokuphatha. Inhloko yokuphatha namalunga aphezulu abasebenzi ayoba yingxenye yabahlala emihlanganweni yebhodi noma bona bengeyikuvota.
Iqhaza lesigungu sokwengamela ezindabeni zabasebenzi benhlangano lingabandakanya: imigomo yabasebenzi, imithetho yokuqasha ehlinzekela labo ababencishwe amathuba esikhathini saphambili, ukugcinwa kwamalekhodi, ukuhambisana nemilayelo ebekiwe, ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi, uhlaka lwenhlangano, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, amaholo, eminye imihlomulo enikwa abasebenzi, ukukhuthazwa kwabasebenzi, ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi, ukubuyekezwa kweqophelo lokusebenza kwezisebenzi/amalunga, ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuba okukhula kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni nezindaba eziphatheleni nabasebenzi.
Inhloko noma inhloko yokuphatha yenhlangano engasebenzeli inzuzo, akukhathalekile noma isebenza njengevolontiya noma ngokugcwele, kumele ibike esigungwini sokwengamela. Kulindeleke ukuba inhloko yokuphatha yethule imibiko ngezikhathi ezithile mayelana nenqubekela phambili enhlanganweni, imizamo yokuqoqa izimali, impatho ehovisi, ukusingathwa kwezimali nokusebenza kweqhinga lenhlangano.
Amalunga esigungu sokwengamela kumele abe neqhaza ezigabeni zokuhlela inhlangano ekunqumeni ikusasa layo nokuveza izindlela okuyofinyelelwa ngazo ekutholeni izinjongo ezinqunyiwe. Kuwumsebenzi wawo futhi amalunga ukuthatha izinqumo nokubuyekeza impokokophelelo yenhlangano, imiphumela ehlose ukuzuzwa ngokuthola impokophelelo; ukukhetha imisebenzi nezinhlelo ezithile, eziyobhekana nempokophelelo nalezo zokweseka izinqumo; inhlangano kuyomele isebenze ngokuzikhandla ukuzuza izinhloso ezibekiwe. Ukuzikhandla kungasho ukubumba izinyathelo (minyaka yonke) nohlaka olusemqoka ukuze iqhube lomsebenzi ngempumelelo.
Ukubhekana nalenselelo, isigungu sokwengamela asiqinisekisa lokhu: imigudu yokulawula nokuhlahla indlela enhlanganweni; umbono wenhlangano; yincazelo ecacile ngomsebenzi ngamunye okumele wenziwe yinhlangano; incazelo ecacile ngemiphumela elindelwe enhlanganweni ngokuphela kwesikhathi esithile; kunesabelo sezimali kanye neqhinga laminyaka yonke; ukuqaphela nokuvivinywa ngazikhathi zonke kwenqubekela-phambili encike ekusebenzeni kohlelo.
Inhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo inamandla okusebenza alingena nobungako bezinsiza ezikhono. Ukuletha izinsiza ezenele kuwumsebenzi wesigungu sokwengamela.
Ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu, lowo oqoqa izimali kungenzeka kube ngumuntu ongekho esigungwini sokwengamela, kodwa osekelwe ngokugcwele ekuqoqeni izimali. Izimali eziningi eziqoqwayo nezivela kubaxhaxi zitholwa ngegunya lesigungu. Amalunga kumele abe yimithombo yokuxhumanisa nalabo abangaba wusizo ekuqoqeni izimali. Indlela yokufeza lesi sifiso wukuthi amalunga ngokwawo abe ngabantu abazibophezelele enhlanganweni ngasezimalini. Kufanele basungule iqhinga lokuqoqa izimali lonyaka wonke; baqaphele ukusebenza kwezimali.
Isigungu sokwengamela wumbheki wezinsiza nakho konke kwenhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo. Esimweni sezinkampani ezibhaliswe ngaphansi kuka Section 21, umsebenzi wezimali ubhekwe ngabaqondisi abasesigungwini sokwengamela. Isigungu sokwengamela silindelwe ukuthi siqaphe amafa nezinsiza zenhlangano nokuqikelela ngokuphepha kwazo ngokwenele, nokubona ukuthi kunemigomo nemizamo eyanele yokugcina isimo sokuphepha kwempahla. Isigungu sokwengamela kufanele siqikelele ukuthi inhlangano ithatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngesimo sokuhlela izimali, ukugcinwa kwamabhuku, isabelo sezimali, amalekhodi abasebenzi nenkokhelo yabo, umbiko waminyaka yonke oya eMnyangweni wezeNhlalakahle, ukwenelisa kwesimo sokwengamela izimali, ukuhlaziya isimo sezimali, ukusingathwa kwemali, imali eyongiwe kanye nokwenganyelwa kobungozi emsebenzini.
Isigungu sokwengamela kumele siqaphele isabelo sezimali ngokukhipha njalo imibiko yezimali nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela ukuntengantenga kwesabelo sezimali enyakeni.
Isigungu sokwengamela sithola nemibiko yaminyaka yonke yama-akhawunti ezimali, sigade amafa nezimali ezitshaliwe, baqaphela nokuthi yonke imininingwane yomthetho iyalandelwa. Ezinye izigungu ziqasha ikomidi lemali elibhekana nalomsebenzi osemqoka.
Isigungu sokwengamela kumele siqonde zonke izinhlelo zenhlangano, imisebenzi nemizamo esungulwa yiyo nokwazi ngemithelela yaleso naleso simo. Iqhaza laso wukufaka imibuzo ngalezo zinhlelo nemisebenzi eqhubekayo nokuthi iyahambisani yini nempokophelelo nenhloso ebekiwe. Ukwenza lokhu, kumele: siphasise iqhinga lohlelo lonyaka; ukuvumelana namasu asetshenziswe ukulandela nokuvivinya izinhlelo noma imisebenzi nemiphumela ezuziwe; ukubuyekeza ngeso elikhali isiko lenhlangano nokwenza kwayo, ukwenza izinguquko ezifanele neziletha ushintsho emiphumeleni, ukwenza ngendlela engcono, ukwaba izibophezelelo, ukugcina inhlonipho, ukwazisa ukuthi abantu abafani kodwa njengabantu bayalingana ekuthuthukiseni inhlangano.
Isigungu sokwengamela siwumxhumanisi phakathi kwabasebenzi/abangamavolontiya, amakhasimende enhlangano, amalunga, umphakathi kanye nabaxhasi. Ngokuvamile inhloko yenhlangano noma usihlalo yibona abangabakhulumeli benhlangano; kungaba ngomunye kubona oqokwe wagunyazwe yisigungu. Amalunga angaba nokuxhumana nemikhakha eminingi enomthelela; kungaba yimbonini yokuhweba, abezindaba noma kuhulumeni.
Ukuze bakwazi ukufeza lezi zibophezelelo, amalunga esigungu kumele abe nolwazi ngokwenzeka ezimakethe zenhlangano yabo - abayozuza, amakhasimende, abalandeli njalo njalo. Ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu, lokhu kungasho ukuba nentshisekelo ekwenzeni ucwaningo, ekuhleleleni ezezimakethe, ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo, ukupaka nokusabalalisa impahla, ukunquma intengo, ukuchumisa, ukudayisa, ezokuxhumana nomphakathi. Okungenani, isigungu kumele sibe nolwazi ngokusebenza kwezimakethe noma iqophelo lokusebenza kwenhlangano emehlweni ezimakethe. Kumele siqinisekise ngokuthi umbiko wonyaka uyenziwa.
Uphawu lwenhlangano yeNPO esebenza ngempumelelo nesivuthiwe, yileyo amalunga esigungu sayo angazibandakanyi emsebenzini wansuku zonke, nangagxambukeli ezindabeni zabasebenzi noma emsebenzini wenhloko. Kusukela odabeni lapho isinqumo senhloko yokuphatha siba nokungatshazwa ngomunye wabasebenzi, ibhodi kuyomele yaziswe yinhloko ngalokhu kwehluka kwemibono. Ezinhlanganweni ezincane noma kwezisafufusa, nalapho amalunga athile esebenza khona njengamavolontiya, ukushayisana kanye nokungaqondisisi kuvamile. Ukwehluka kungenzeka ngenxa yokungaqondisisi kwamalunga ngezibophezelelo zawo nokwesabela isimo lapho esenza khona imisebenzi emibili.
Ukungqubuzana kwenqubo kungagwemeka ngokuba inhlangano isungule futhi igcine imigomo yokuqondisa izigwegwe nokulalela izikhalo ngokucacisa imigudu yokuphatha nencazelo elandisa ngezibophezelo zomuntu ngamunye.
Njalo ekupheleni kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu, isigungu sokwengamela kumele sizinike ithuba lokuhlola inqubeko nokuzuziwe ngalesikhathi. Lokhu kusemqoka kakhulu uma ilunga ngalinye lesigungu lingene enhlanganweni ngokwamukela iqophelo elithile lokusebenza elilindwe kulona. Inqubekela-phambili ingakalwa kwi-workshop/enkundleni yokubonisana yokuvivinya, noma ngokuphonsa imibuzo ehleliwe emalungeni ngamanye, lokhu kungenziwa wusihlalo kanye/noma nenhloko yokuphatha. Izinga kumele okungenani lixube lokhu: Ulwazi ngokushisekelwe yinhlangano; ukuzinikela enhlanganweni; iqhaza ekuletheni ugqozi emakhasimendeni noma kubaxhasi; ikhono lokunikela; ukuzinikela emsebenzini.
Ukuzuza ngokuyikho esigungwini sokwengamela nakubasebenzi, amalunga esigungu, ikomidi nabasebenzi kuyofanele basebenze ngokubambisana, baqonde ukusabalala kwezibophezelelo nemisebenzi yabo kwabanye. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenhloso yokufeza impokophelelo yenhlangano.
Isibophezelelo esikhulu sabasebenzi, abaqashwe ngokugcwele, izikhathi ezithile noma amavolontiya wukugxilisa izinhlelo zenhlangano ngokulandisa komthetho-sisekelo, impokophelelo kanye namasu anqala enhlangano. Lemisebenzi ihlanganisa intuthuko kubasebenzi, ukwengamela izinsiza nempahla ngokwethembeka, kanye nokusebenzisa ngendlela efanele yonke impahla nezinsiza kuxubene nesikhathi. Lenqubo eyinkuthazo iqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abantu. Inhloko yokuphatha inesibopho sokuhola lezi zinhlelo nemisebenzi. Inhloko kumele izibandakanye emkhankasweni wokwazisa nokugqugquzela abasebenzi ukuthi babambe iqhaza ekudaluleni izidingo namathuba, ngokwenza lokhu basethubeni lokuba ngabanini zinhlelo nenqubo.
ukunika umhlahlandlela wenqubo-mgomo nobuholi esigungwini sokwengamela.
ukuqasha, ukwengamela, ukuvivinya nokuxosha abasebenzi. Ukusungula izinhlelo ezilungile zokuhlola amakhono, ulwazi neqophelo lokufunda, iqophelo lokuzibophezela nokusebenza bese bekhokhelwa ngokufanele.
ukugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo luyisifuba.
Inhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo kayifani nebhizinisi elizuza ngokuthengisa impahla noma lenze imisebenzi ethile, kanjalo ayifani nohulumeni onemithombo evela kubakhokhi-ntela. Inhlangano ingaba nezidingo nezinsiza kodwa ayisiye umnini walempahla eqoqiwe. AmaNPO alindelwe ukuba anakekele ngokucophelela yonke impahla noma izidingo ezethulwe kuwo ngabaxhasi, abanikelayo noma wuhulumeni. Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezimali, akukhathalekile ukuthi lungakanani, kumele luthuthukiswe futhi lugcinwe yihovisi lenhlangano ukuze kuqikelelwe ngokusetshenziswa kwempahla.
ukuthuthukisa inqubo-mgomo nenqubo kanye nomhlahlandlela wokusebenza (kulawo maNPO asevuthiwe) kungambandakanya lokhu: ukwethulwa kwemibiko yezimali, ukusabalalisa imibiko yezimali, uhlelo lokugcina amabhuku, ukucutshungulwa kwemibiko yanyanga-zonke evela ebhange, inqubo-mgomo yokonga imali, inqubo yokusayinwa kwamasheke, inqubo elawula ngezindleko, uhlelo lokubhala imali etholakele, umgomo wokuholela abasebenzi, umgomo womshuwalense, ukusingathwa kwamafa enhlangano, ukusingathwa kwempahla edayisayo (uma ikhona), inqubo yesabelo sezimali, inqubo yokukhokhwa kwentela (uma ikhona) kanye nenqubo yokuxazulula izinkinga nokushayisana kwenkambiso yabantu ngabanye neyenhlangano.
ukuqapha imali lapho isetshenziswa nokuqhathanisa ngezikhathi zonke izimali ezitholakele nalezo ezibekwe kwisabelo-zimali, kuzanywe ukuhambisana nalokhu.
ukusungula uhlelo olunqala lokuthenga; ukufunwa kwamakhotheshini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuthenga, uma kwenzeka; ukuthola isiqiniseko sokugunyazwa kwama-oda; ukuqaphela impahla lapho ifika enhlanganweni, ukuyihlola nokuyiqhathanisa nama-oda ayo; ukulandelwa kwenqubo yokukhokha; nokugcinwa kwamalekhodi ngemfanelo.
ukusungula uhlelo oluqavile lokukhipha amathenda nokufunwa kwezinkontileka; ukulandela izidingo ngokulawula komthetho wokuthenga; uhlelo lokuthenga olusobala nolungachemile; ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zaleyo naleyo nkontileka noma ithenda.
Enye yezinhloso zoMthetho weziNhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo wukugqugquzela nokweseka amaNPO emizamweni yawo yokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zabantu baseNingizimu Afrika, ukubanika umfutho wokugcina amazinga okusebenza ngokusobala ephezulu nokusebenza ngokuzibophezelela. I-NPO ayisiye umnini wezinsiza noma impahla eyidingele ukufeza impokophelelo yayo, kodwa ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa imali kanye nezipho ukuzuza izinhloso zayo. Labo abakhipha lezizimali badinga isiqiniseko sokuthi ngempela umsebenzi uyoqhutshwa ngokweqhinga elidwetshiwe, nangeqiniso.
Impokophelelo ecacile yokuqondisa inhlangano nezinhlelo zayo.
Inqubo yokuphatha ehlelekile, abaholi bakhona kanye nabasebenzi noma amavolontiya anekhono.
Iqhinga elinqala elihluziwe, nemizamo ebekiwe yokuqaphela nokuvivinya inqubeko.
Inhlangano enothando nevulele umphakathi ukuthi uzobuza uthole nezincazelo ngalokho ongakuqondisisi. Ukusebenza ngokusobala kwenzeka lapho inhlangano ikwazi ukukhipha imibiko nolwazi oluqondile, ngesikhathi, ngemisebenzi eyenzayo nengaphathelena nabaxhasi/abanikelayo nabanye. Umhlangano wonyaka akube ngovulelekile, nalapho kuvezwa ngokugcwele yonke imininingwane encike ezinhlosweni, izinhlelo, izimali kanye nobulungiswa ngokuphathwa kwenhlangano.
AmaNPO aphila ngenxa yokwesekwa akuthola kwabanye, ngobuqotho nethemba lokuthi izinkinga nezindaba zangaphakathi kuwo ziyoxazululwa noma zilawulwe yimpokophelelo nezinhloso zawo. Umphakathi ulindele amaNPO ukuba asebenze kahle ngalezinsiza nemithombo anikwe yona, ngakho kubalulekile ukuba angasoleki ngokwehluleka. Noma yini engaqondile noma esolekayo evezwa imibuzo ethile noma abezindaba kuba nomthelela omkhulu kubo bonke abathintekayo esigungwini nasemphakathini weNPO. Ngakho-ke wonke amaNPO alindelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi yawo ngesizotha nokusebenza ngobuqotho nabanye abantu.
Abantu abethembekile baneqiniso, uzwelo, bakhuluma into eqondene. Abantshontshi, baqambe amanga, bakhohlise noma benze into enobulwane. Abasebenzi bakaNPO namavolontiya kumele basebenze ngokwethembeka nabaxhasi, nalabo abahlomulayo, abanye abasebenzi, amavolontiya, amalunga esigungu sokwengamela, umphakathi neziphathimandla.
Abantu nezinhlangano eziqotho banomthetho, bahloniphekile futhi bakhuluma into abayimelayo. Banogqozi futhi basebenza ngokuzimisela. Bayakulwela lokho abakholelwa kukho kanti abazami ukwenza izinto eziyoba nomthelela omubi ekugcineni ngoba behlose ukuzuza okuthile manje noma kuyingozi futhi kushayisana nenkambiso. Abasebenzi bamaNPO namalunga bayayihlonipha impokophelelo esungulwe yisigungu sokwengamela.
Ukugcina isethembiso: abantu abethembekile bayazigcina izethembiso zabo, bafeza lokho abazibophezele kukho, bahambisana nomdlandla kanye nesivumelwano abasenzile. Abaguquli noma babuyekeze izivumelwano ngezindlela ezingenabulungiswa noma bazame ukuphunyuka ngokucwaningisisa izinto ezincanyana ezivumelwaneni ngenhloso yokugoba umthetho ukuze uzwane nabo lapho bephula izibophezelo zabo.
Ukuzibophezela: Abantu ongabethemba baveza ukuzibophezela nokwethembeka kwabanye nasenhlanganweni, ngokukhombisa ubungani esimweni esinzima, ukwesekana nokuzinikela emsebenzini. Abasebenzisi noma badalule ulwazi oluyimfihlo abaluthole enhlanganweni bese belusebenzisa ukuzizuzela. Abasebenzi namalunga esigungu kumele aqikelele ukuthi asebenzisa umqondo ngokwenele ukugwema isimo sengcindezi yabathile nokuzithola izenzo zawo sezishayisana nempokophelelo yenhlangano.
Ukungachemi: Abantu abenza izinto ngokungachemile babonakala ngokuzinikela ebulungisweni, ukuthatha bonke abantu ngokulingana, ukwemukela iqiniso lokwehlukana kwabantu nokubekezelelana. Banomqondo ovulelekile, bazimisele ukwemukela ukuthi banephutha, kanti uma kufanele, bayakwazi ukuguqula umqondo nenkolelo yabo. Abazitiki ngamaphutha abanye noma izinkinga zabo ukuze bazuze.
Ukunakekela abanye: Ukunakekela abanye abantu kuhlaluka ezintweni ezifana nalezi; uzwelo, ukupha, ukulunga, nokusebenza. Kudinga ukuthi umuntu azame ukusiza labo abadingayo nokugwema ukuzwisa abanye ubuhlungu.
Ukuhlonipha abanye abantu: Abantu abanemfundiso bakhombisa inhlonipho kwabanye, ukwazisa izifuba zabo, nokwazisa amalungelo abantu abadala. Baziphatha ngokuzithola nokuphila impilo ehlanzekile. Banika abanye ulwazi abaludingayo ukuze benze izinqumo eziphusile ngempilo yabo.
Ukusebenza okusobala: Abasebenzi kumele banike umphakathi ulwazi olwanele nabangaba nalo ngenhlangano ukuze umphakathi ukwazi ukuvivinya iqophelo lokufezeka kwezinhloso, inqubo nemiphumela.
Ukuba yisakhamuzi esiqotho: Isakhamuzi esiqotho yileso esihlonipha umthetho, sibamba iqhaza, sinolwazi nogqozi ngezinto zomphakathi kanye nokuba wusizo emphakathini. AmaNPO kumele aqaphele kakhulu indlela alandela ngayo imithetho nemilayelo ebekiwe.
Inqubo yokusebenza ngokuvelele: Abantu abanemfundiso bayaziqhayisa ngeqophelo eliphezulu lomsebenzi wabo. Bayawulandelela umsebenzi wabo, bawenza ngokukhuthala, ngokwethembeka nokuzimisela.
Ukusebenza ngokuzibophezelela: Abantu abanemfundiso bemukela inselelo yokuzibophezelela ngezinqumo abazenzayo, umphumela esikhathini esizayo walezo zinqumo, kuxuba nokwehluleka imbala, ukuba yisibonelo kwabanye nokuthekelisa ngolwazi kubaxhasi nakwabanikelayo ngendlela okusetshenziswe ngayo izimali.
Ukuqaphela nokugcina isithunzi somphakathi: Impatho enobulungiswa yeNPO, abaholi, abasebenzi namavolontiya anomsebenzi oyisipesheli wokuba yisibonelo lapho enza izinto, ukugcina nokuqhubela phambili isithunzi esihle sokwethembeka negama lazo zonke izinhlangano ezithembele osizweni lomphakathi, ukugwema ukuvela kwamahlazo okuhambisa ngokungeyikho, nokuthatha nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuvimba nokulungisa inqubo engafanele ngaphakathi noma kwabanye abantu.
Isigaba B: Ukuqoqwa kwezimali, izinsiza nemithombo yokusebenza Enhlanganweni engasebenzeli nzuzo.
Igama elithi "ukuqoqa izimali" selisetshenziswe ngamaNPO iminyaka eyevile ekhulwini, kanti lichaza ukwandisa imithombo yezinsiza-kusebenza eyahlukene yokusebenza. Insiza ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi yimali. Esikhathini samanje cishe yinto engenakwenzeka ukweseka umsebenzi walezi zinhlangano ngemali evela kubaxhasi kuphela. Izinsiza kumele zifunwe emikhakheni nasezindaweni ezehlukene nokusebenzisa amaqhinga amaningi ukuzuza lokhu. Namuhla amaNPO amaningi aseyahlawulisa ngemisebenzi ayenzela abantu noma umphakathi. Singalinganisa ngezikole nje, abazali sebecelwa ukuba bakhokhe imali ethile ngezingane zabo ezikoleni, indawo ehlanganela umphakathi idinga imali uma izosetshenziswa, isizathu salokhu wukwentuleka koxhaso olwanele lokweseka zonke lezizinhlelo.
Kwezinye izikhathi, abaxhasi banikela ngezinto ezifana nemishini yasemahovisi noma impahla yokwakha, hhayi ukheshe. Abantu abakhele imiphakathi bayagqugquzelwa ukweseka inhlangano ngokunikela ngesikhathi, amakhono, impahla ebambekayo njengamakhethini noma izitulo zasehovisi. AmaNPO amaningi enza amakhandlela, impahla yokubiya noma babhale izikibha ukuze bahlangabezane nezindleko zasehovisi nomsebenzi wonkana. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zokweseka umsebenzi angeke zabizwa ngokuqoqa imali ngempela, ngakho kunegama elithile ezibizwa ngalo, kuthiwa "wukwandisa imithombo yezinsiza-kusebenza" -Resource Mobilisation.
Zintathu izinhlaka zabantu abaneqhaza nentshisekelo ekuqoqweni kwezimali. Olokuqala, yilolo lwabantu abaqondene ngqo, lapha sichaza umuntu noma umphakathi onesidingo. Olwesibili, ngabaxhasi, umuntu noma isikhungo esinemali noma esinegalelo lokwandisa izinsiza-kusebenza. Olwesithathu, yi-NPO esebenza njengomxhumanisi phakathi kwabaqondene ngqo nohlelo kanye nabaxhasi. Noma iyiphi incazelo yokuqoqa izimali kumele ibalule lezizinhlaka ezinthathu. Nasi isibonelo. " ukusungula nokuvivinya isidingo esikhona emphakathini, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza zokusebenza, izinhlelo zezimali nokuqoqwa kwayo ukuze kufezeke lezo zidingo ezibaluliwe ngezindleko eziphansi, ngendlela eyokwenelisa abaxhasi".
Isidingo sokuqoqela izidingo ezibekiwe imali yikhona kanye okufaka umfutho wokusebenza ngendlela ehluzile nokwenza imisebenzi efanele, lenkambiso yaziwa ngokuqoqa imali okuqeqeshiwe. Ukuqoqwa kwezimali ngomunye wemikhakha ekhula ngokudlondlobala emphakathini. Esikhathini samanje, uya ngokuncipha umbono wokubuka lesisenzo njengobunxibi namaqhinga angapheli lapho amaNPO ecela khona kwabanye abantu ngethemba lokuthi inhlangano iyophumelela. Nakuba umsebenzi wokuqoqa izimali uqhutshwa kakhulu ngamavolontiya, noma labo abasebenza ngokungagcwele kumaNPO, ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yenselelo etholakala kulomsebenzi, akuthusi ukubona bebaningi abantu abazimbandakanya nalomsebenzi wokuqoqa izimali, nabenza lomsebenzi ngokuthola inkokhelo.
Ukuqoqa imali esikhathini samanje esiguqukayo kunzima. Awukho umlingo ongenziwa wokuguqula nokuletha imiphumela esheshayo noma usuthanda kangakanani. Kunesikhathi lapho labo ababekhalela usizo kakhulu babezwelwa khona. Kodwa njengamanje siphila esikhathini lapho sekusetshenzwa ngemibiko yombani eyenza ukuba umhlaba usondele kithi ngokunjalo nezinkinga eziningi, umphakathi sewukhathazeke ngokwanda kwezidingo lapha emhlabeni; yinselelo yomphakathi yokuxazulula izinkinga eziya zikhula zonke izinsuku kunokuncipha. Kunenqubo ehlelekile yokuthuthukiswa kwezikhwama, eqala ngokudwetshwa kweqhinga, ukusebenza nokwenganyelwa kohlelo. Ukuqoqa izimali kuyoya ngokukhula nokusebenza ngemfanelo uma kuqhutshwa ngokulandela imigudu yebhizinisi nokuhlelwa kahle. Njengoba ungekho nje umlingo osobala wokuqoqa izimali, kunenqubo eyaziwayo nesebenza kahle emiphakathini yonke. Lenqubo evelele iselwazini lokuthi ukuqoqa izimali akusiyo kuphela into ongayifundela kodwa iyikhono lomuntu ngamunye. AmaNPO yizinhlangano ezifuqwa yizidingo nezinkinga zomphakathi, ngakho zivame ukugxila kakhulu ekucabangeni nasekusebenziseni izinhlelo eziletha izidingo zomphakathi. Esikhathini samanje lokho okugcizelelwa enkambisweni yokuphatha ngendlala esobala kudinga iNPO iqikelele ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphatha ihovisi zikhona ukuze kongiwe izinsiza zenhlangano. AmaNPO amaningi abhalisiwe athole uxhaso nokuhlomula ezimbonini ezinkulu zakwamanye amazwe, nokwenzekayo ukuthi kube nenkontileka yeminyaka ethile. Zonke lezinhlelo zisho ukuthi isidingo sokuhlelela izimali zesikhathi esizayo asinikwa umfutho ofana nokwethulwa kwezidingo zomphakathi noma ukuphathwa kwehovisi.
Uma inhloko yehovisi noma umxhumanisi eqokelwe kuNPO, isigungu sokwengamela sivame ukunika lowomuntu isibophezelelo sokuqoqa izimali. Ukuqoqa izimali akusiwona umsebenzi oheha kunoma yiliphi ilunga lesigungu. Akukhathalekile ukuthi isigungu sizibambela sona lomsebenzi noma siwedlulisela komunye wabasebenzi, ukuqoqa izimali akusiwo umsebenzi othathwa njengohlelwayo, odla isikhathi esiningi, ofuna ikhono ngokwawo kuphela.
Isithombe esibi kakhulu kungaba yisimo lapho abemithombo yosizo beyogqugquzela inqubo yokulawula ngakho konke okufanele kwenziwe yinhlangano. Ukuqhubeka kwesimo sokwentula nokwethembela kakhulu emithonjeni eseceleni kungaholela ekwehlukeni ezinjongweni eziphokophelelwe.
Ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezenele, iNPO angeke yakwazi ukufeza impokophelelo yayo, kusemahlombe abaholi benhlangano ukuqiniseka ngokutholakala kosizo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kumele kusungulwe isisekelo esiqinile nesiyohlala isikhathi eside kusukela ekubunjweni kuze kufike ekwethulweni kwezidingo. Uma ifezeka lento, ukuqoqwa kwezimali noma ukudidiyelwa kwezinsiza kuyokhanya esabelweni sezimali saminyaka yonke seNPO.
Impokophelelo: uma inhlangano ingazi ukuthi iphilelani, ayikudingi ukwesekwa. Isitatimende sempokophelelo yeNPO kufanele simumathe lokhu "isizathu sobukhona bayo". Abanikelayo angeke baxhase inhlangano engazi ukuthi iqondephi.
Ipulani ngekusasa lenhlangano: amaNPO amaningi awanawo amapulani noma amaqhinga abhaliwe. Bayantunta nje bengazi lapho bebheke khona. Okubi kakhulu wukusebenza noma ukushayela izinhlelo kuphela uma zinemali. Akekho umuntu ongathanda ukweseka inhlangano engazi lapho iya khona noma engaqondi imiphumela ehloswe yipulani.
Amasu afanele okuxhumana ngaphakathi nangaphandle: iNPO iphila esimweni soguquko, ngaphakathi enhlanganweni nangaphandle. Uma loluguquko lungahlolwa ngezikhathi zonke, akekho oyokwazi izinyathelo okumele zithathwe. Uma amavolontiya nabasebenzi bengabambisani ekudwebeni amaqhinga okubhekana nezinkinga, ukusebenzisa amathuba avelayo, inqubekela-phamibili ngeke yabonakala. Uma inhlangano yehluleka ukuthola imigudu efanele yokwedlulisa izidingo emphakathini nezidingo zemali kubalandeli, leyonhlangano iyowa ivalwe.
Ukulondoloza entuthukweni: inhlangano idinga amakhono amathathu: ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga noma izinqinamba esungulelwe zona; ikhono lokuthola izinsiza nezimali ezidingekayo ukuze isimame kanye nekhono lokusingatha konke lokho osekutholakele. Impumelelo yalokhu okushiwo isekutshaleni kakhulu entuthukweni yalamakhono ngokusebenzisa isigungu sokwengamela, abasebenzi kanye namavolontiya. Kumele kuqondakale futhi ukuthi ukuqoqa izimali nezinye izinsiza kufuna imali, ngakho lezizindleko zidinga ukuhlelelwa.
Ukhiye wokwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile kusekwakheni ubudlelwane obuhle nalabo abathintekayo. Laba ngabantu abadinga usizo, nalabo abafaka izimali njengabaxhasi noma abanikelayo. Umthetho obalulekile ekuqoqeni izimali ngothi; uma iNPO idinga imali kumele iqale kubangane kuqala. Ukwakha isisekelo "sobungane baphakade" sidinga wonke umuntu, abasebenzi kanjalo namavolontiya ukuba atshale isikhathi sawo.
Usizo olunikwa abatshala izimali nokugcina ubudlelwane obuhle: ukuqoqa izimali ngeke kuhlale isikhathi uma iNPO inomqondo "wokuthatha imali bese ibaleka". Ukubambelela kubangane nabalandeli kusho ukubagcina benolwazi, nokubaguqula babe yingxenye eyethembekile nebalulekile ohlelweni. Kuthatha isikhathi ukubumba nokugcina ubudlelwane, kanti kuchuma ngempatho evelele yehovisi nokuxhumana nalabo abangabalandeli abakhulu beNPO.
Umnyango weNtuthuko yezeNhlalakahle udwebe lemigomo yokuqoqa izimali ngenjongo yokulandela imilayelo yoMthetho ka1997, weziNhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo, ngokubambisana nabanye abathintekayo embonini yokuqoqa izimali. Lemigomo imele umbono owodwa wezinhlangano obalula lokho okuyinqubo efanele ekuqoqweni kwezimali nezivela emikhakheni ehlukene. Ngokwamukela lomhlahlandlela, labo abathintekayo ekuqoqeleni amaNPO aseNingizimu Afrika izimali bayosebenza ngokuzimisela ukugcina isithunzi salemboni.
AmaNPO adlula ezikhathini ezinzima, ikakhulu ekutholeni usizo lwezimali. Amaningi aphuma esikhathini lapho amaqophelo nendlela yokuziphatha beyicindezelwa yimikhakha emibili: izidingo zomphakathi eziqondene neNPO ngayinye; kanye nenduku efihlwe emqubeni noma izinhloso ezicashile zabaxhasi noma abanikelayo. Lencindezi ayizange igqugquzele ukusebenza ngokwethembeka nesiko lobuntu. AmaNPO abeshayelwa kakhulu wukubhekana nezidingo ezinqala.
Kunezinkomba ezibonakalayo manje eziveza ihlumela elisha lezinhlangano ezishayelwa wumoya wentando yeningi, ukusukumela phezulu izinto zomphakathi ezinhlanganweni zaseNingizimu Afrika. Uma kulindeleke ukuba amaNPO abe ngabagcini bentuthuko yomphakathi; kulindelwe ukuba abe yisizinda esihamba phambili ezintweni; aholwe yimpokophelelo hhayi ukuholwa ngekhala yizizinda ezisizayo; amaNPO kumele azazi kahle ukuthi angobani, aqondephi nokuthi kumele aziphathe kanjani.
Kunenkolelo nokulindelwe wumphakathi ukuthi bonke labo abayingxenye yamaNPO kufanele babe yisibonelo emphakathini abawusebenzelayo. Kulindelwe ukuthi imboni yamaNPO ingasoleki nhlobo. Abaqoqa izimali kumele bazibuze lemibuzo: kungani umsebenzi wethu ukhona Noma yini abaqoqi-zimali abasiza ngayo ekwenzeni ngcono isimo Noma yimiphi imigomo ebekelwe abaqoqi-zimali nokubhekwe ukuthi bayihloniphe noma ukuqhakambisa izinto zangasese kunamthelela muni kulowo oqoqa izimali Noma yini enika umdlandla wkuqoqa izimali?
Ukuthathela phezulu umsebenzi wokuqoqa izimali kwenza imboni yeNPO icabange noma lomsebenzi kumele kube ngokhokhelwayo yini. Nakuba ngokomthetho ungemukelwa njengokhokhelwayo, sekunenqubekela-phambili eyenziwe ebheke lapha. Emnyakeni embalwa edlule, umphakathi ubusuvame ukubiza wonke umuntu oqoqa izimali njengofundele lomsebenzi. Ukuthola amaqhuzu noma ukuhlonishwa ngalendlela kudinga iqophelo nesiko elithile lokuziphatha eledlule ukwenza umsebenzi ngendlela eyamukelekayo. Imigomo yezinga nesiko lokuziphatha esebenza ekuqoqeni izimali iyinkomba futhi igcizelela inhloso nesimo seNPO. Ngamanye amagama, indlela iNPO eqoqa ngayo izimali isho lukhulu, futhi ikhomba isimilo senhlangano.
AmaNPO azifunela wona izimali kanti umsebenzi usemahlombe enhloko yehovisi. Kwesinye isikhathi, inhloko isizwa yikomidi lokuqoqa izimali eliqokwe yisigungu. AmaNPO amakhulu nalawo adlondlobalayo aqasha umuntu ngokugcwele , osebenza ngezikhathi ezithile noma umnyango wabantu abaqhuba lomsebenzi wokufuna izimali zonke izinsuku. Kunabathile nezinhlangano ezenzela amaNPO lomsebenzi njengabaqoqi-zimali abakhokhelwayo. Umsebenzi wabo wukuqoqa izimali egameni lamaNPO ngaphansi kwenkontileka. Bathola ikhomishani noma bagcine iphesenti elithile okanye kokubili. Abeluleki bokuqoqa izimali sebeyatholakala nalapha eNingizimu Afrika.
Emiphakathini enamasiko ehlukene, izinkolelo namasiko eqembu ngalinye kuyenzeka engemukeleki kwabanye, bese kuba nomthelela lapho kuqoqwa izimali kwabesiko elithile kuxhaseke elinye.
Ulwazi ngendawo nomphakathi okufunwa kuwo usizo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba abaxhasi bafuna ukwazi ngenhloso yomkhankaso, kanjalo nalabo abaxhumana nabaxhasi mabaqonde kahle umsebenzi wabo. Inqubo yokuqoqa izimali, njengoba seyingena kakhulu kwekhokhelwayo isivulelekile, isobala futhi idinga ukuthi labo abathintekayo babe nezibophezelelo ngemali yomnikelo nezinye izinsiza ezitholakalayo.
INPO ngayinye uma iphumelela kufanele iqophe amazinga ayolandelwa okuqhuba ibhizinisi. Kakade uma imisebenzi yayo ingemukeleki emphakathini ofaka usizo, ngeke kuyithathe isikhathi eside ukuthi ingawi iphelelwe yizinsiza. Lokhu kuvame ukulandela isifiso senhlangano nabaholi bayo kuhlangene nabaqoqi-zimali, sokuqala bahloniphe impatho nenqubo yangaphakathi enhlanganweni ehlaziyayo, ihlele, isebenze, yengamele, iqaphe iphinde icubungule. Ukwemukelwa komsebenzi wokuqoqa izimali njengengxenye yomsebenzi wabaphathi iveza intshisekelo yokuzenzela nokuzethemba enhlanganweni.
Ocwaningweni olwenziwa ngonyaka ka1989, angu 37 amaphesenti aveza ukuthi abaqoqi-zimali bethembekile. Umbono waseNingizimu Afrika awukaziwa, kanti bancane abaphikisayo ukuthi sikhona isidingo sokudweba imigomo yenhlangano namaqophelo okuziphatha alindelwe kulabo abenza lomsebenzi, isiko lobuntu lenanelwe eSigabeni A emakhasini 16 no 17. Amaqophelo okuziphatha nesiko lobuntu elibusa abaqoqa izimali lidlala indima ehlulelayo ngeqhaza elifanele lamaNPO.
Njengengxenye yencazelo yangaphezulu, ndlela yini yokuziphatha elindelwe kulowo oqoqa izimali, akukhathelekile ukuthi usebenzela iNPO noma ubuya ngaphandle kwenhlangano Khumbula ukuthi lomuntu angaba yilunga lesigungu, inhloko yenhlangano, isisebenzi, ivolontiya noma ozivelela ngaphandle?
Ngokwesiqu makube ngonombono nomuntu oxhumana kalula nabanye abantu.
Ngothola ukwesekwa kwenhlangano ngendlela esobala, eyiqiniso nokwethembeka.
Kunesidingo sokusungula umgomo.
Uma bebizwa noma becelwa ngamaNPO, baqonde futhi baqhube umsebenzi wokweluleka nokuwasiza ukuze afinyelela ezinhlosweni zawo kanjalo nokusiza ezindabeni eziphathelene nokwengamela umsebenzi.
Ukugqugquzela nokweseka okugcwele izinhlelo zokuqeqesha nokufundisa okusezingeni eliphakeme labobantu abenza imisebenzi yokuqoqa izimali, baqikelele ukuthi intuthuko iyabonakala kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lomsebenzi.
Ukushiyelana ulwazi, isipiliyoni kanye nenqubo ngenjongo yokwandisa umthamo wolwazi, impumelelo yezinhlangano nezinye izizinda ezisetshenzelwa yilabobantu abaqoqa izimali.
Ukusebenzisa ukuqagela imiphumela yokuqoqa izimali ngokuthathela elwazini lwakudala lwesimo esifanayo nesisondelene naleso samanje.
Abanye abaholi bamaNPO nezigungu zakhona bayalingeka ukubeka umsebenzi wokuqoqa izimali ezandleni zikachwepheshe ozimele. Lokhu kusho umuntu ofuna iphesenti elithile ngaleyomali eqoqiwe (isibonelo, amaphesenti angu15 kanye nengxenye ethile emile). Umqondo wokuthi inhlangano ikhokhe kuphela uma kutholwe imali izwakala njengesu elihle. Ngesinye isikhathi umqoqi-zimali angafuna imali eqondile njalo ngenyanga.
Esikhathini sanamuhla, abaxhasi bafuna imali yabo isetshenziswe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo abatshelwe ngazo.
Ukuzakhela igama lokuthola iminikelo kubaxhasi wukuzibekela okuhle nokucabangela ikusasa. Lokhu akwehli kahle kumqoqi-mali okhokhelwayo ngoba yena ufuna kwenziwe izinqumo ezisheshayo nokuthola inkokhelo njalo ngenyanga.
INPO kumele ngabe seyiyakuqonda manje ukuthi umsebenzi oyimpumelelo wokuqoqa izimali akusiyo into elula, akusikho nje ukukhokha ikhomishini yomqoqi-mali.
Ukucwaningwa kwemali etholiwe enengxenye yekhomishani ifuna imininingwane ephelele ukuze yenganyelwe. Ubuningi nokuxhumana phakathi kwemisebenzi yokuxhumana nomphakathi naleyo yokuqoqa izimali kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye, manje iNPO ngabe yehlukanisa kanjani phakathi kweminikelo etholwe ngenxa yomxhumanisi wenhlangano nomphakathi naleyo etholakale ngenye indlela Wehlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwegalelo elenziwe ngumqoqi-zimali okhokhelwayo nalelo elenziwa yinhlangano ngokwayo esimweni ngasinye?
Izinhlangano ezinkulu zabaxhasi azinayo imali ehlala ilindile kodwa zingakwazi ukuzibophezelela ekunikeleni ngezikhathi ezithile njalo noma imali eyisamba ngesikhathi esithile esizayo. Kwenzekani uma isibophezelelo singaphumeleli - kungabe iNPO isadingekile ukuba ikhokhe ikhomishani, noma ifune ibuyiswe?
Amabhodi amavolontiya nabasebenzi ngeke bakuthande ukwenza wonke umsebenzi, bethuthukisa intshisekelo yabaxhasi bese umqoqi-zimali efika ngokuzoqedelela umsebenzi sengathi nguye ovukuze abaxhasi.
Bazizwa kanjani abasebenzi beNPO uma kufika umuntu othile esekhokhelwa ngamandla nangokuzikhandla kwabo Kungani lomqoqi-zimali ekhishwe iqhubu ephathwa ngokutotoswa?
Asikho isiqiniseko sokuthi labo abangase banikele bayokwenza ngempela lokhu, ngakho umphumela nempinda ihlale ingabazeka. Uma kuhlangatshezwana nobunzima, umqoqi-mali okhokhelwayo kungenzeka adinge indlela yokuphunyuka.
Ukuze kungene imali, oqoqa izimali angalingeka aze emukele isiphakamiso somnikelo omncane kunaleso ebesingatholakala kulomxhasi.
Abaqoqi-zimali abakhokhelwa ikhomishani bangalingeka ukusho izinto ezithile ngeNPO ukuze bathole ukwesekwa ngabaxhasi. Lena yingozi ngempela lapho inhlangano iqashe abantu bangaphandle. Yini abayikhulumayo ngeNPO Mthelela muni owenzeka esithunzini esakhiwe kanzima seNPO Ngabe lokhu kuqinisekisa ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kweNPO kanye nabaxhasi - sikhuluma ngokuxhaswa okwethembekile nokuyohlala isikhathi eside?
Abaxhasi babheke ubudlelwane nalabo ababapha izimali. Abaxhasi abaningi abazimisele ukuxoxisana nabaqoqi-zimali bangaphandle kwenhlangano. Kamuva nje, abaxhasi bayakusho lokhu kumhlahlandlela wabo.
Inkontileka enemininingwane egcwele kumele isayinwe yiNPO kanye nalowo oqoqe izimali noma inhlangano eqashelwe lomsebenzi. Lenkontileka kufanele icace. Chaza izibophezelelo zamaqembu omabili; beka inkololo noma okuqondwe ukuzuzwa; chaza izindleko zehovisi nezokuhamba ezithintekayo nokuthi ziyolawulwa kanjani; yakha amathuba okubuyekeza inqubekela-phambili; chaza ukuthi ngubani oxhumanisa ubudlelwane nabaxhasi ngesikhathi senkontileka nalapho seyiphelile; akuqukathwe ithuba leNPO nomqoqi-mali lokuqeda inkontileka ngokufaka isaziso sezinsuku ezingu30.
Ukuqoqwa kwezimali okunenkokhelo yekhomishini kusebenza kahle ekuqoqeni imali efuneka maduze njengalapho kufunwa imali yomcimbi noma umncintiswano. Oqoqa imali uthola iphesenti lenzuzo esalayo ngemuva kokukhokhwa kwazo zonke izindleko zomsebenzi. Uma iNPO ihlela ukungena enkontilekeni nomqoqi-mali wangaphandle, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthola kabanzi ngesipiliyoni sakhe ngamakhasimende akhe adlule.
Isichazamazwi sichaza umeluleki ; "ngengomuntu onika ulwazi olukhokhelwayo noma ubuchwepheshe, njengodokotela, ummeli, unjiniyela, umhleli njalonjalo." Umeluleki wokuqoqa imali usebenza nabasebenzi abaphambili benhlangano namalunga ayo ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuqoqa izimali nezindaba zenhlangano. Indlela okuyiyona ngempela yokusebenza yehluka kumeluleki ngamunye, nasesimweni ngasinye.
Umeluleki angathathwa njengomngani omkhulu weNPO noma isitha esikhulu abuye abe wusizo ekuzuziseni inhlangano leyomiphumela ehlosiwe. I-NPO kungenzeka imbone kancane lomuntu, kokunye umeluleki angahlale esemehlweni enhlangano. Iyodwa into eyiqiniso, ubudlelwane nokuhambisana kwemiqondo kufanele kubenamandla futhi kube nokwesekana. Umeluleki makakwazi ukuguquguquka ekuhlangabezeni izidingo zenhlangano, abe nesipiliyoni esenele sokusiza inhlangano ukuba ixazulule izinkinga zayo.
Isigungu seNPO nabasebenzi kumele bamethembe umeluleki hhayi ukulwisana naye ngamaqhinga okuvunyelwene ngawo.
Umkhankaso wokufuna imali neminye eyisipesheli: lona ngumkhankaso wokuqoqa imali eningi kubaxhasi abayingcosana ngesikhathi esifushane. Oqoqa imali angabandanyeka ekushayeleni loluhlelo. Imvama angancoma ukwenza isivivinyo sokuhlola isidingo somkhankaso kuqala, ukuvivinya umxhasi kungakavunyelwana, ngaphambi kokuzibophezelela ngokugcwele emkhankasweni. Umeluleki uhlela uhide lwezingxoxo nabaholi bomphakathi kanye nalabo abangaba ngabaxhasi bese ekhipha umbiko nezincomo. Umeluleki uyobuye aqeqeshe ithimba elinxenxa ukwesekwa.
Imikhankaso yakanye ngonyaka neyenziwa njalo: izinhlangano zidinga ukuthola imali engena njalo ukuze zihlangabezane nezindleko zenyanga. Icebo elibaluleke kakhulu nelisetshenziswayo ngelokuthumela izinwadi eziqonde ngqo, kungaba yincwadi yesicelo noma yokwazisa, ukuthuthukisa noma ukukhumbuza abalandeli. Abeluleki bangasiza amaNPO ukuba akhe izinhlelo zokwengamela uxhaso kanye nengxube efaka imali ngezikhathi zonke. Lengxube ingahlanganisa izinhlelo zobulungu, izibophezelo zabaxhasi, imicimbi eyisipesheli, ukudayiswa kwemisebeni kanye nokuthatha amashansi nje.
Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi namavolontiya nokubabonisa umsebenzi: kubalulekile ukuthi abeluleki bethekelise ulwazi namakhono leyonhlangano abayisebenzelayo ukuze lawomakhono nolwazi lusetshenziswe ukuzisiza. Abeluleki bangaqeqesha abasebenzi namavolontiya ngama-workshop noma imibuthano yokucobelela ulwazi nokushiyelana ulwazi ngesikhathi bebasiza ezinhlelweni zamaqhinga okuqoqa izimali.
Eminye imisebenzi yokweseka: izinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo zinelungelo lokwazi ngokusebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhlelo zazo zokuqoqa imali. Amabhodi angakhathazeka ngobuholi bawo, amandla abasebenzi, ukuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nemikhakha eminingi yezinhlelo zokuqoqa izimali. Umeluleki angabizwa ukuzokwenza ucwaningo ngesimo sokuqoqa izimali nokuncoma izinyathelo okudingeka zithathwe ekuqhubeni umkhankaso wokuqoqa izimali oyimpumelelo. Ngakho, abeluleki bangabizwa ukuzokwethula amaqhinga amasha okuqoqa imali enhlanganweni.
Umnikelo wemali etshaliwe nemishuwalense: lena yindawo enganakiwe uma kukhulunywa ngokuqoqa izimali, kanti inomthelela omuhle kakhulu. Imali evela kubaxhasi abanikela ngemali abayitshalile, imishuwalense, nezincwadi zamafa nezinye izindlela zokutshalwa kwemali zingaletha imali eyongena njalo eminyakeni ezayo. Abeluleki bangasiza ekusunguleni uhlelo lwemali etshaliwe neyemishuwalense, baqeqeshe nabasebenzi kanye namavolontiya ngendlela okusebenza ngayo loluhlelo.
Ukusungula izidingo zenhlangano yakho: yini edingwa yinhlangano futhi malini engakwazi ukuyikhipha noma iyisebenzise Isinyathelo sokuqala sokubiza umeluleki yingaphakathi. Abeluleki benza imisebenzi eyahlukene, kodwa inhlangano kumele ikugcine emqondweni ukuthi noma yimuphi umzamo wokuqoqa imali yisinyathelo sesikhathi eside. Ukutshala imali ngokuqasha umeluleki kuyoba nomthelela oyosalela ezinhlelweni zokuqoqa izimali isikhathi eside esahamba umeluleki noma yaphela inkontileka yakhe. INPO kumele yazi kahle ngokufanele kwenziwe ngumeluleki nangesamba ayosihlomula ngalomsebenzi?
Klelisa izidingo zenhlangano ngokubhalwe phansi: cela impendulo ebhaliwe kubeluleki abambalwa abasohleni oseluncishisiwe. Kungatholakala izimpendulo ezehlukene, ngezisobala kuze kufike naseziphakamisweni ezinqala, zonke mazicacise ngesamba esiyokhokhwa. Lololwazi luyosiza iNPO ekuthatheni isinqumo ngoyokhethwa nohambisana kangcono nezidingo ezibekiwe. Olunye ulwazi lungaqokelelwa ngokuxhumana ngocingo ize yeneliseke inhlangano ukuthi seyikulungele ukuthatha isinqumo.
Ukubamba imihlangano nalabo abathandekayo: qiniseka ukuthi usihlalo wesigungu noma inhloko yenhlangano, usihlalo wekomidi lokuqoqa izimali - noma bobathathu bayingxenye yemihlangano. Zinike isikhathi esenele ngomeluleki ngamunye ukuze ethule inkulumo yakhe nokumnika ithuba lokuphendula imibuzo. Kuyinto enhle ukuhlela imibuzo kusenesikhathi ukuze ithimba elifaka imibuza lizuze elikufunayo kulemihlangano.
Hlola imvelaphi yomeluleki: ikomidi kumele lithathe isinqumo ngemuva kokufakwa imibuzo kwabeluleki. Kubalulekile ukuxhumana nabantu ababalwe ngabeluleki njengabancomi babo, phela kwenzelwa ukuthola isiqiniseko ngabo nangomsebenzi wabo esikhathini esedlule. Khetha idlanzana lamanje nelakudala elingamakhasimende abo. Kungenzeka ube nesidingo sokuqoka ilunga ngalinye oyosebenza nalo noma eliyokwabelwa inhlangano, kuyisu elihle ukuthi uhlangane nalomuntu. Kusemqoka ukuthi umeluleki abe ngumuntu oseke wavelela ekuqoqeni imali kanjalo nonguchwepheshe kulendima.
Qoka umeluleki: ungasihlehlisi isinqumo. Thatha isinqumo ngesikhathi usakhumbula imininingwane nolwazi lomhlangano obubanjiwe. Uma isinqumo kungesokulinda kancane, kulungile lokho inqobo nje uma sithathiwe isinqumo. Ukwehluleka ukwenza yizinkomba zokungazibophezeleli kwamalunga esigungu nabasebenzi kobesekuhleliwe. Awukho umsebenzi ongenziwa ngumeluleki ukusiza isimo sokwentuleka kokuzibophezelela kwabaholi. Uma kwenziwa isinqumo sokuqasha, thintana nalowo meluleki ngokushesha.
Xoxisanani ngokwenza isivumelwane esimile: ubudlelwane obunesisekelo phakathi kweNPO nomeluleki yilobo obakhiwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwane esimile nesibophezelayo. Sebenzisana nomeluleki ukubumba umqulu oyisibuko esiyiso sobudlelwane obuhlongozwayo. Ayikabikhona indlela eqondile neqoshiwe ewumhlahlandlela wezivumelwane nabeluleki lapha eNingizimu Afrika - abeluleki ngabanye bazenzela ngokubona.
Kuyacaca ukuthi umsebenzi wokweluleka kuseyinto eseyintsha emkhakheni wamaNPO.
Kuwumkhuba ovamile ukuba abeluleki banikele ngehora lokuqala noma amabili lapho beqala umsebenzi. Emhlanganweni wokuqala, iNPO kumele ichaze izidingo zayo. Ngokufanayo kulomhlangano umeluleki kumele atshengise izinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuhlangabeza lezodingo. AmaNPO anokusebenzisa lelithuba lokuqala ukusenga izeluleko mahhala.
AmaNPO anokwenza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi abeluleki bayowaqoqela izimali, bese ekhokha ikhomishani. Lenkolelo engelona iqiniso yenziwa wukungazi, nokudukiswa yidlanzana labenza umsebenzi ofuze lona abahamba bezibiza ngabaqoqi-zimali abakhokhelwayo nabawufundele lomsebenzi.
Yinkambiso evamile kubeluleki ukwethula isiphakamiso noma ikhotheshini kwiNPO. Lomqulu ovame ukuba mkhulu uchaza ingqikithi yesivumelwane, izinyathelo ngazinye zosizo lokweluleka kanye nemininingwane yezindleko ephelele. Umeluleki ulindela impendulo yesiphakamiso noma ngabe asemukeleki. Isipiliyoni kubeluleki sikhomba ukuthi angu 9 eshumini amaNPO awazihluphi ngokuphendula nokusho ukuthi asitholile yini isiphakamiso, ayisaphathwa eyokuthatha isinqumo.
Enye yezinkinga ebaliwe wukuthi esikhathini esiningi isigungu sasingabandakanywa ezingxoxweni eziholela esinqumweni sokuqoka umeluleki. Lesinqumo sithathwa ngomqondo wenhloko yenhlangano. Umphumela walokhu wukungemukeleki kahle kwesiphakamiso emalungeni. Lesisimo sikhomba ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwezimali akuthathwa njengensika ebalulekile nokweseka isigungu. Ngakho, umthelela wokuqashwa komeluleki wukukhula kwendikibalo nomzwangedwa ebasebenzini. Izincomo ezintsha azifiki nokufika esigungwini, ingasashiwo eyokuziphasisa.
Kunezinkomba zokuthi amaNPO awazihleleli izindleko zokuqoqa imali uma edweba isabelo-zimali. Lenkinga iholela ekudikibaleni kwabasebenzi nomeluleki olindwe ukuba enze imilingo ngaphandle kwezinsiza.
Bavamile ukubizwa abeluleki nxa kunezinkinga zokuqoqa izimali kodwa esikhathini esiningi izinkinga zisuke zingaphakathi, okokuqala kungaba yinqubo yokwengamela engenabulungiswa noma indlela yokuphatha. Inkinga akusiyo eyokuthi ayikho imali ewumnikelo kodwa wukungahleleki ngokwenele ukufaka izicelo noma impatho efanele.
kunomkhuba wokwethembela kakhulu esisekelweni esincane soxhaso - izinkampani, imifelandawonye noma abaxhasi bakwamanye amazwe.
AmaNPO enza kube nzima ukusebenza kwezincomo zabeluleki ngoba abawuboni umsebenzi wokuqoqa imali njengowenziwa ngokugcwele.
Siphila ngalokho esikutholayo, kodwa siphiliswa yilokho esiphana ngakho (amazwi ashiwo nguWinston Churchill).
Lamazwi ayezwakala ezinhliziyweni zemboni yamaNPO kanye nempokophelelo ebonakala ngokucacile ezigidini ezintathu zabantu baseNingizimu Afrika abasebenza kuzo njengabasebenzi namavolontiya. Umsebenzi wabo wenzeka lula ngenxa yesihe nothando lwabantu abanikelayo kanye nezikhungo ezingabaxhasi. Umdlandla wokunakekela nozwelo ngabanye abantu ukuqethwe egameni "isihawu", kanti leligama selidume kakhulu ngokunikelela umkhakha oyigugu ebantwini.
Igama lesihawu elangena olimini lwesiNgisi ngeminyaka nyaka yawo 1700 luvela esiGrikini (isihawu - uthando ngabantu) lwasetshenziswa ukuchaza izinhlelo eziningi zamasiko nezenkolo, imicabango nezimo zempilo. Lincikiswa kakhulu nokunikela, ubuntu, ukulawula inhlalonhle, intshisekelo ngabantu nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Kuncane okubhaliwe noma ucwaningo oselwenziwe ngesihawu esikhathini esedlule, manje nangekusasa lokunikela "isihawu". Alukho ucwaningo olwenziwe noma okubhaliwe ngesihawu lapha eAfrika. Kokwa okuphawulekayo wukuthi yithuluzi elinamandla nelithinta amasiko nobuntu bethu njengabantu. Sekungaphezu kweminyaka engu 6000 isiko lesihawu lisebenza, bekwesekwa izimpi, kwakhiwa amathempeli, kwakhiwa amanyuvesi, kusungulwa imibutho, kuvikelwa amasiko nokushintsha indlela yempilo lapha emhlabeni.
AmaShayina ayefundiswa ukuthi ukunakekela abanye abantu yisiko-nqandi lakho njengobuntu, ubuntu boqobo. Uma sibheka emuva emlandweni wamaJuda, sithola ukuthi isenzo sokupha (incwadi kaIsaiah 58;7 kanye nekaDothoronomi 14;22) njengengxenye yobudlelwane nenhlalonhle. Imfundiso yobuJuda yaba nomthelela omkhulu kwinqubo nenkambiso yesihawu nokunikela. Umphostoli uPaul wathuthukisa isu lamaHebheru lokuba ngumqaphi, nethi lowo ocebile akasiyena umnini wefa kodwa uphiwe igunya lokunakekela leyompahla ayabelwe (Genesis 1.26), ngakho kumele ayisebenzise ngokulandela umthetho kaNkulunkulu (2 Corinthians 8,9). Ukuzibophezelela nokunakekela labo abentulayo, ukushiyelana umnotho nokwakha isiko lobunye emphakathini wamakholwa kwakuyinto ekhombisa uthando lukaKrestu.
Isihawu yisiko elibuya emandulo nasemibhalweni yabaseGibhithe ababekhuluma ngokunikela ukuze kube nokujabula nempilo engcono kwabanye abantu. Umbono wesihawu kumaGriki namaRoma wehlukile kwabaseGibhithe ngokuthi kubona kwakuqondiswe ezenzweni zomusa "zibhekiswe kubantu", hhayi nje kwabampofu nabadingayo. Inqubo yabo engumhlahlandlela yayikhetha umbono wokuthi abantu kumele bazibophezelele ekubambeni iqhaza emisebenzini yomphakathi nokuholisa labo abangasebenzi. ENtshonalanga Yurophu isonto lathola ithuba lokuqhakambisa isiko lokuthanda umakhelwane ngokugqugquzela futhi likhiphe izipho ezibhedlela, ezikoleni nasezimishini zamasonto nokuchaza imisebenzi engenziwa ukunakekela abampofu. Emazweni angamaKhatholika, isonto laqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yokufundisa nokunikela ngaphansi kweso lokuqaphela likahulumeni.
Umbono wezinhlangano ezinikelayo wathuthuka kakhulu lapho amandla ezomnotho nenhlalo ihlangana nokusabalala kwezohwebo ziya emazweni ehlukene, kuhlangene nokudayiswa kwabantu njengezigqila, isikhathi sokuphenduka ngamandla kwezimboni zokukhiqiza nokukhula kwesidingo sabasebenzi abashibhile, kodwa okungethenjelwa kubo.
Umbono wesimanje wesihawu wasabalala umhlaba wonke ngesikhathi ufuduko lwezenkolo luthatha igxathu lokwandisa ubuKrestu nokubhebhezela "impucuko" ezizweni zakwamanye amazwe, nokweseka imibuso eyayikhula yenabela nasemazweni aseMazansi neAfrika. Engxenyeni yokugcina yeminyaka yo 1800 nangasekuqaleni kweyo1900, kwabonakala sekuvela isahluko esisha emlandweni wesihe. Umnikelo omkhulu, kungaba ngesikhathi sabaxhasi noma kukhishwa emafeni abo, wadlondlobala uqondiswe ezinhlanganweni zabantulayo, izikhungo zenkolo nezinjongo ezifuze lezi. Kwagcizelelwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesihawu ukuhlangabezana nobubha nezimo ezingathandeki enhlalweni, nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo ebantwini.
Izinhlangano nemibutho eminingi yenkolo ifundisa abalandeli bayo ngokunakekela nokunikela. Ngaphandle kobuJuda nobuKrestu, sithola ukuthi uBuddha ufundisa ukuthi zine izinto eziletha ukuthokoza kumuntu lapha emhlabeni. Okunye kwalokhu: "kumele akwazi ukupha nokunikela, ubumnene ngaphandle kwemibandela nenkanuko yengcebo". Imfundiso yobuIslam igcizelela lokhu okulandelayo: "ukungaziqhayisi, ukuzidela njengesibonakaliso sokubonga kuNkulunkulu. Yipha ukudla abantulayo, izintandane nabasemajele, ngothando lukaAllah kuphela. Asilindele nkokhelo noma ukubongwa ngalokhu." Ngesiko lesiHindu, amahubo eVedic agcizelela ngokunikela izipho ezithixweni njengesiko elibalulekile lokuqonda kabanzi ngenkolo..
Inhloso yokugqugquzela isiko lokupha akusiso isicelo esisuselwe embonweni wokuzwelana nokuhlupheka kwabantu noma ukuqhuba inkambiso yobuhlobo, kodwa ukwazisa ilungelo labanikwa izipho nokushiyelana inhlanhla yalowo onotho (umxhasi). Umbutho wesihawu sewuhambe kangakanani lapha eAfrika Izinhlangano ezingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu90 aseNingizimu, Maphakathi, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Afrika ngezamasonto noma ezincike ezimishini. Kuze kufike esikhathini samanje, bezethembela kakhulu ezimalini ezivela kwamanye amazwe ekwesekeni cishe zonke izinhlelo zazo. Umuntu waseKenya wake waphawula kanje: Izimishini sezigxekwe kakhulu ngokwehluleka ukufundisa ngesiko lokunikela. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izimishini beziqonde ukuthi sinye isipho uNkulunkulu asemukelayo, yimali, isibonelo sokungadingeki emehlweni azo wumkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu, izithelo kanye nezilwane. Ngaleyondlela abantu baseAfrika abangenayo imali babengakwazi ukuzibandakanya nokupha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amakholwa angaMaAfrika ahlehlele emuva aphenduka izibukeli. Ngokungabi nalwazi, noma ngokuzinciphisela izinsiza ezitholakala emasontweni lapha eAfrika, siziba futhi sithena amandla amathuba okuthuthuka nokuzimela.?
Isihawu" yigama elingundabamlonyeni esikweni laseAfrika. Kungafani nasemazweni athuthukile njengeMelika, iNgilandi namanye aseYurophu, iAfrika noma kungesilo izwekazi elithuthuke kangako, kodwa isiko lesihawu yinto ekhona. Ukupha yingxenye yesiko lamaAfrika. Esikweni laseAfrika, abantu bathola ukweneliseka uma benikwa ithuba lokupha nokushiyelana lokho okuncane abanakho nabanye. Igama elithi "ubuntu; Botho" nalelo elithi "wolanani" lichaze lokho okusegazini kumAfrika nokuyingxenye ezimpilweni kubo.
Emphakathini waseAfrika abantu abaphili eziqhingini noma ngabodwa. Abantu bayahlalisana, bayasizana ezikhathini ezinzima. Umuntu uhlala ndawonye nesizwe sakubo, lokho esikubiza nge "kgoro". Kwakhiwa izindlu ezisondelene, nezehlukaniswe kuphela wumngcele omncane, kungaba ngowodaka, umhlanga noma ngokubizwa "lefuo". Ngalendlela kuba nokuxhumana okulula phakathi kwemindeni, kukhathazeke nesiko lokushiyelana. Amadoda abuyela ezindlini zawo kuphela uma eseyolala. Amadoda esizwe esifanayo ahlala e 'kgoro' emukele izivakashi nokuqapha imfuyo nempahla yawo. Badla ndawonye babuye basizane ngokufundisa abafana imikhutshana yempilo.
Umndeni ngamunye unesibaya, kodwa uma sekuyisikhathi sokusenga noma ukuqapha imfuyo emasimini, abafana balesosizwe bahamba ndawonye - ngisho nalabo abangenayo imfuyo emakubo. Bashiyelana izinto, ngisho nobisi, ukudla nakho konke okutholakala ekhaya. Abafana abavela emakhaya ampofu babelwa imfuyo lapho sebekhulile ukuze baqale izibaya zabo.
Abesifazane abangenawo amasimu basiza labo abalimile. Ngesikhathi sekuvunywa, baphiwa ingxenye yesivuno sonyaka ukuze bondle imindeni yabo. Izihlobo zihlala ndawonye. Abantu asebekhulile banakekelwa yizingane zabo. Igama elithi "ubuntu" lihamba ibanga elide kangangoba intombazane yabelwa umzala wayo emshadweni, inhloso yalokhu ukuthi ikwazi ukunakekela u-anti wayo okungenzeka ukuthi akaphilile kahle, noma okungenzeka ukuba akabanga namantombazane. Uma owesifazane engatholi zingane, kuthathwa udadewabo omncane abiwe ukuyomzalela izingane. Ekhaya ngalinye kuyenzeka kube "nezindlu" ezehlukene, ngamanye amagama uma usokhaya enamakhosikazi amabili noma ngaphezulu, unkosikazi ngamunye uba "nendlu". Kwesinye isikhathi, abesifazane bashadiselwa endlini ethile. Lokhu kusho leyondlu engenabafana ingashada ukuze ingafi; amadoda alesosizwe ayonakekela laba besifazane. Ngalendlela indoda ivunyelwe ukushada abesifazane abaningi nengase ibakhone ukuqikelela ukuthi akekho owesifazane ohlala engenayo indoda ezomnakekela. Ngenye yezindlela zokuqikelela ukuthi zonke izingane ezingenabo obaba ziyanakekelwa.
AmaAfrika athola injabulo ngokuphana nokushiyelana. Inkosi iyaqikelela ukuthi labo abentulayo bayanakekelwa. Okusanhlamvu nenyama "lehlakore" nezinye izipho njengotshwala okusetshenziswa ngemicimbi ethile kuthathwa yinkosi ukuze iphe abantu abampofu nabantulayo. Lezizipho zengezela lapho uhulumeni neziphathimandla zingafinyeleli khona. Zigcwalisa leligebe. Ngalendlela nezinye eziningi, umbutho wesihawu wamaAfrika uthuthukile kuleminyaka edlule ukuqhuba isifiso sokupha njengabantu, njengamaqembu (amakilabhu nemiphakathi yizinto ezidumile esikweni lamaAfrika); ukunikela ngezindlela eziningi, ngisho nokusebenza mahhala.
Abaxhasi nabantu besihawu abavela emazweni asentshonalanga kabaligqizi qakala igalelo elenziwa ngabantu abasemazingeni aphansi abakwaziyo ukunakekela izidingo zabo - izindlela abaphumelele ngazo ukuziphilisa nokukhula eminyakeni edlule. Impilo yasemakhaya isifundise ukunakekela omakhelwane. Akukhathalekile ukuthi isidingo somndeni wukudla, ukusiza ingane egulayo, noma ukuthola imali yokuyisa ingane esikoleni noma ekolishi, izihlobo nomphakathi uneqhinga lokwenza lokhu kube yimpumelelo. Ngokwenkambiso yobuntu, labo abanotho banika abentulayo. Lombutho usukhule waze waba nomthelela wohlelo olubizwa nge- stokifela, nokuwuhlelo lokonga ndawonye nokushiyelana.
Izinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo (NPO's) zisebenzela abantu. Iningi lazo lihlangabezana nezidingo zemiphakathi. Zonke ziphethwe ngabasebenzi namavolontiya. Zethembele ozweleni, ekunakekelweni nasentshisekelweni yabaxhasi neminikelo ukuze zikwazi ukuqhuba umsebenzi. Uma sibheka izinhlobo ezehlukene zabantu, inhlalo nezidingo zendalo lapha eNingizimu Afrika, sithola ukuthi abantu bahlelekile ngezindlela ezintathu ukubhekana nalezidingo. Lezindlela zibuye zigamanxelane.
Izidingo ezifana nemfundo, indawo yokuhlala nezempilo zivame ukulungiswa wuhulumeni ngokusebenzisa imali eqoqwa kubatheli-ntela noma osizweni oluvela kwamanye amazwe. Izidingo ezinjengokudla, uphahla lokukhosela, imisebenzi yezempilo, ezokungcebeleka, ukugqoka nemisebenzi sekuyizinto ezinamandla ukushayela amabhizinisi nazidayisa ukuthola inzuzo ukuze aphumelele. Ngenxa yokuthi uhulumeni namabhizinisi awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zomphakathi, umphakathi ngokwawo kumele usukume uxazulule izinkinga ezikhona ezweni nasezindaweni ozakhele, ikakhulu emazingeni aphansi.
Uma amaNPO eqala izinhlelo zokuqoqa izimali, mawaqale ngokuhlwaya abantu ngabanye, amaqembu nezikhungo ezingaba nogqozi lokunikela. Nakuba izinhlangano eziningi lapha eNingizimu Afrika zichitha isikhathi namandla amaningi ekufuneni usizo kubaxhasi basemazweni angaphandle, kwimifelandawonye, amatrust nasemabhizinisini, bazithola bexoxisana nabantu kuzo lezozikhungo. Ekugcineni isinqumo sokuxhasa uhlelo sithathwa ngumuntu noma ikomidi elibunjwe ngabantu.
Lonke uhlobo lwabaxhasi lujoyina amaNPO ngenhloso yokuhlomulisa umphakathi nokwenza ngcono inhlalonhle endaweni okuphilwa kuyo. Lokhu kuphonsa esivivaneni kuhlanganisa ubudlelwane kulabo abanotho nemiphakathi eyenza abaxhasi basimame; ukubamba iqhaza ezinkingeni zesifunda, ezweni nenselelo ebhekene nalowo mphakathi. Inhloso yezinhlangothi zombili, abaxhasi namaNPO ukusebenzisana nokuncika komunye.
Isifiso esikhulu ngalemigomo ukubeka into engumhlahlandlela kubo bonke abanikelayo noma abangena ezivumelwaneni zokuxhasa nezinhlobo ezehlukene zamaNPO alapha eNingizimu Afrika nakuzo zonke ezinye izimboni; kungaba ngabavela kwamanye amazwe, izimboni ezizimele, amatrust, imifelandawonye nabaxhasi abahamba ngabodwa. Kuyaziwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi labo abaphayo banamalungelo abo athile kodwa kumele nabo benze izinto ezisezingeni nasenkambisweni eyamukelekile, imibono nezifiso eziyoholela emiphumeleni emihle lapho kwesekwa izinhlelo zentuthuko nenhlalonhle emphakathini waseNingizimu Afrika. Konke lokhu bayobe bekwenza ngokusebenzelana nezinkulungwane zamaNPO amele izinkumbi zabantu.
Buza izinhlangano zeNPO ezisezingeni eliphakathi ukuthi ziyozithola kuphi izimali esikhathini esizayo, ngeke zikunike impendulo eqondile. Kubukeka sengathi zisenkingeni yokungabi nalwazi lokuthi ngobani abazesekayo nokugxila kakhulu emithonjeni edlule kunokubhekela ikusasa. Ezinye izinhlangano zibe nenhlanhla yokwesekwa ngohulumeni bangaphandle kanye nabaxhasi. Ezinye zethembele oxhasweni lukahulumeni noma ezinkontilekeni ezikhokha izindleko zemiholo yabasebenzi nezinye izindleko zanyangazonke. Zikhona nezinhlangano eziningi ezihlale zizama ukungqongqoza eminyangweni yezimboni zakuleli ngaphandle kwempumelelo.
Zincane izibalo ezibambekayo nezikhomba imithombo yezimali noma usizo lwamaNPO alapha eNingizimu Afrika. Emazweni asethuthukile njengeCanada, iMelika kanye neNgilandi, lolulwazi lutholakala kalula ngokuqonda amahovisi nasezikhungweni zezibalo, engosini yokucwaninga, noma kumasoseshini ezinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo. Ngonyaka ka1994, iNyuvesi I-John Hopkins, eBaltimore eMelika yaqalisa uhlelo lwasemhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwezibalo eyabika ngazo yindlela amaNPO athola izimali nosizo ngayo. Ucwaningo lokuqala ezinhlanganweni ezisemazweni angu12 (angu6 athuthukile nangu6 asathuthuka) kwahlaluka ukuthi amaphesenti angu 43 oxhaso lwamaNPO luvela emnikelweni kahulumeni, amaphesenti angu47 avela ezinhlanganweni ngokwazo, amaphesenti angu10 anikelwa ngabaxhasi.
Noma imininingwane ngamazwe aseAfrika ingafakwanga kuloluhlelo lokuqala locwaningo, izilinganiso zikhomba ukuthi amaphesenti angu90 avela kubaxhasi kanti amaphesenti angu10 ayinzuzo etholwa yizinhlangano ngokwazo. Isithombe ngeNingizimu Afrika asicacile, kodwa kunezinkomba zokuthi cishe amaphesenti angu70 emali yamaNPO ivela kubaxhasi, amaphesenti angu25 enziwa yizinhlangano kuthi amahlanu atholakale ngeminikelo kahulumeni.
Ukuqoqa izimali yiqhinga lokukhangisa nokuzuza okuthile ekugcineni, lidinga wazi ngemakethe ofuna ikweseke; ngalokho okwenza bajabule, kuvuse ugqozi kanjalo nokungabathokozisi.
a. Iminikelo yemali b.
Izindlela zosizo ziyatholakala ngemithombo eminingi neyehlukene.
Abaxhasi bakwamanye amazwe: amabhiliyoni amarandi anikelwa ngohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe kanye nezikhungo zokunikela kumaNPO nakuhulumeni eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ezinhlanganweni eziningi ezazikhungethwe yisimo sokucindezeleka ngaphansi kobandlululo, lena kwakuyiyona kuphela indlela yokusimama nokuthola izimali. Kusukela ngonyaka ka1994, uhlelo loxhaso oluvela kwamanye amazwe seludlula ezandleni zikahulumeni wentando yeningi, nokho izimali ezivela ezimbonini ezizimele zisaqonda kuzo izinhlangano. Alinganiselwa ku11 amaphesenti emali etholwa ngamaNPO nevela emithonjeni yangaphandle kwezwe.
Izinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika: ukutshala izimali nosizo ngasohlangothini lwezimboni zaseNingizimu Afrika kuya ngokwanda. Angaphezulu kuka 200 000 amabhizinisi abhalisiwe lapha eNingizimu Afrika kanti angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili amancane naphakathi nendawo angabhalisiwe. Alinganiselwa ku 11 amaphesenti ezimboni ezizimele ezinikela kumaNPO lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo (Bureau of Marketing Intelligence Annual Survey) oluvela kulengosi lusitshela ukuthi amaphesenti angu 60 omnikelo wezimboni uya emisebenzini yazo - lokhu kunomthelela kubasebenzi nasezimakethe zazo. Ukunikela kwazo akukhulanga kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngenxa yokuthi leminikelo ihambisana nenzuzo etholiwe. Uma inzuzo iphansi, nemali enikelwayo iba ncane.
Lesisimo sikhomba amathuba akhona okuthuthukisa izinga lokunikela, ikakhulu emabhizinisini amancane nathuthukayo. Izinkampani eziningi zibheka ukuhlomula okuthile ngemali eziyitshala emiphakathini. Eminye yemithelela yokulindelwe yinkampani ukuvuleka kwamathuba okuhlanganyela emikhankasweni yokukhangisa nalezi zinkampani. Izimboni ezizimele zingehlukaniswa ngamabhizinisi kazwelonke nawezindawo. Ukuxoxisana nezimboni zikazwelonke kuvame ukwenziwa ekomkhulu lebhizinisi lelo, kodwa kuyenzeka namahovisi asezifundeni abe nemadlana akwazi ukuzisebenzisela yona ukweseka amaNPO endawo.
izikhungo: incazelo ihlanganisa zonke izinhlangano namaqembu abantu abenezifiso ezifanayo. Isibonelo kungaba yizigungu zemfundo kusukela ezinkulisa kuze kushaye emanyuvesi; ezigungwini zenkolo; amakilabhu emidlalo; amakilabhu okungcebeleka njengomaRound Table/Rotary kanye nawamasiko. Esikhathi esiningi lamaqembu noma izikhungo ziba nendikimba noma intshisekelo ethile bese kuqoqwa izimali, kwenziwe imisebenzi noma kuvolontiywe ukuze kwesekwe lenhloso eqokiwe.
Abantu ngabanye: kunabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu40 lapha eNingizimu Afrika, kanti kubona angu15 amaphesenti asebenzayo nangathathwa njengengxenye yabanganikela.
Kulesisibalo baningi abangabamba iqhaza njengabantu bokunikela kumaNPO. Izilinganiso zithi abantu abayizigidi ezingu 9 banikela imali engamabhiliyoni angu 8 njalo ngonyaka kumaNPO. Isiko lokunikela nokweseka elivela kubantu ngabanye yinselelo enkulu esibhekene nayo ekuqoqweni kwezimali. Abantu bangehlukaniswa izigaba ezehlukene.
abanikelayo - abangase banikele - ubulili - amalunga noma abalandeli - iminyaka - amalunga amabhodi -isimo somshado ushadile/awushadanga/wehlukanisile njalonjalo.
abasebenzi - izifiso/intshisekelo (izingane/izilwane/iminyaka njalonjalo.) -amavolontiya - injwayelo yokunikela(ukheshe/ isheke/njalonjalo) -abazali -imfundo - abafundi asebaqeda - ekhaya (indlu/ ifulethi njalonjalo.) - izingane zesikole - imali yasendlini - amakhasimende - bagcina nini ukunikela - abathola ukuxhaswa - bagcina nini ukunikela - umphakathi - umsebenzi owenziwa ngumuntu.
Inkokhelo yemisebenzi: amaNPO amaningi asebenza ukusiza abantu nezidingo zabo ezehlukene. Ekuqaleni, izidingo eziningi zazimahhala, ikakhulu kulabo abentulayo nabangenabani. Izinto sezishintshile manje, isikhungo semfundo njengesikole esizimele noma inyuvesi seyifuna inkokhelo. Amanye amaNPO asefuna izindlela zokwenza imali ngokuthengisa ngemisebenzi nolwazi lwawo. Isilinganiso, wumtholampilo okukhokhisayo lapho uyosizwa noma uhlengwa; uhlelo lokuqwashisa ngesifo sesandulela-ngculazi nayo uqobo sikhokhelwa nguhulumeni. Amavolontiya asebenzela amaNPO ayabandanyeka emisebenzini yokuqoqa imali ukuze kusizakale inhlangano.
Ukuthengiswa kwempahla nemikhiqizo: amaNPO amaningi asebenza ukwedlulisa amakhono nokwenza imikhiqizo ethile. Amaqembu okulima ayatshala abuye afuye, kuthi athungayo akhiqize izingubo; enza izitini, abiye ucingo, akhe amafulemu eminyango, izinkwa nezinhlobo ezinye eziningi. Inhloso enkulu ukusiza labo abangenawo amakhono noma abangasebenzi ukuze bazisize. Inhlangano ingakwazi nokuthengisa umkhiqizo ngenzuzo noma ngekhomishini, noma ikhokhise labo abasebenzisa imishini yayo noma izindawo. Ingathenga impahla engakahluzwa noma engakakhiwa ngobuningi bese ithengisela abakhiqizi ngemuva kokufaka inzuzo.
Zikhona nezinye izindlela zokuhlomula ngokuthengisa impahla. Ezinye izinhlangano zisebenzisa amakhathalogi ngesikhathi sikaKhisimuzi, lapho zikhangisa khona ngamakhadi nezipho. Zithola iphesenti elithile lalokho okuthengisiwe. Ezinye zenza amadayali, amakhalenda kanye nezikibha, noma zidayise izikhwama zokufaka okhiye, izithelo, amasethi amapeni nemisizi nokunye okubalulekile ukuthola inzuzo. Ukhiye oya empumelelweni ukuba nendawana yokudayisela, ithimba lokudayisa noma ithimba elikhulu lamavolontiya. Lemizamo yenziwa ngenqubo yebhizinisi okunenhloso yokuthola inzuzo, edluliselwa kwiNPO.
Yini ekhuthaza abaxhasi ukuba banikele?
Uma kuhlelwa amasu okukhangisa ngomkhiqizo noma okwenziwayo, ibhizinisi kumele lithole kuqala lokho okudingwa ngabantu nokuvusa ugqozi ngokusebenzisa leyomikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo noma umsebenzi. Ngokunjalo nalapho kuqoqwa izimali, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo eheha abantu nebenza bathinteke. Bakhetha kanjani phakathi kwezinto ezifana nezempilo, amalungelo esintu, imfundo, ezokungcebeleka, inhlalo, ezendalo nokunye abangakudinga?
Okokuqala okumele kwaziwe, ukuqonda indlela okukhula ngayo uthando lomkhiqizo noma umsebenzi ezinhliziyweni zabantu, nokuthi yiziphi izidingo nezimfuno ezibafikelayo ngesikhathi besafuna ukuqoka.
a. Yini eholela ekudalekeni kogqozi?
b. Yiziphi izidingo ezingaphakathi nesiko elidlala indima lapho abaxhasi becubungula imizwa yabo?
c. Zimfuno zini ezithintwa yilezi zidingo?
Ugqozi lwabaxhasi yinto engakhuthazwa okuvela ngaphakathi nemithelela eyenzeka ngaphandle. Kokuvela ngaphakathi singaphawula imizwa yokuqala yomuntu ngesimo, noma ukuzimisela ukuyenza leyonto. Lento ingaba yisimo esifana nokulamba noma ukoma, okwenzeka engqondweni njengokulangazelela noma ukudinwa.
Kwesingakuphawula nokuyimithelela yangaphandle, yizinto ezifana nalokhu umuntu akubonayo nokuvusa ugqozi kuye. Lemithelela kungaba yimfihlo yomuntu, umngane noma isihlobo, asebenza naye emsebenzini noma yinto engahlangene nomuntu njengesihloko esithile ephephandabeni, incwadi, isiphakamiso sokunikela noma uhlelo lwasemsakazweni.
Konke lokhu kungaba nomthelela wokuvuseka kogqozi kumuntu. Akusidali isidingo kodwa kuvuselela leso esivele sikhona. Ngakho lowo oqoqa izimali makaqonde izidingo zomuntu ngamunye nohlobo lomkhiqizo oluhambisana nalezo zidingo. Enye yezinkomba ezisemqoka ekukaleni lokhu yileyo eyabhalwa ngu-Maslow, yaziwa "ngokukleliswa kokubaluleka kwezidingo empilweni".
UMaslow uthi abantu benza izinto ukwenelisa izidingo zabo ezibalulekile kuqala ngaphambi kokwenyukela kwezisemazingeni aphezulu. Isibonele salapha; ngumuntu olambile, uqala ngokusebenzela ukuthola ukudla. Uma esezenelisile ngalokhu usengakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ebhekela ukuphepha, njengokuthi adle ukudla okunempilo nokuphefumula umoya ohlanzekile. Kuyothi uma esezwa ephephile, afune isikhathi sokunethezeka ngenhlalo-nhle nokuzifunela abangani. Ngemuva kwesikhathi usengacabanga ngobuyena, ukuhlonipha abanye abantu. Uma esenelisekile ngalokhu, usekhululekile ukwenza nokunye okumkhulisayo njengomuntu. Njalo lapho umuntu esehlangabezane nesidingo sezinga ngalinye, lesidingo siyama ukuba yisikhuthazi, ubheka esilandelayo nesiphenduka isikhuthazi esisha.
Ukwazi ngezinga umxhasi akulo kuyayisiza iNPO ekubumbeni ugqozi oluphakeme kuye. Isilinganiso, uvalo , luyasetshenziswa ukugqugquzela ukwesekwa kwezinhlelo ezilwa nezifo ezesatshwayo.
Abantu abanentshisekelo entweni ethile noma emkhiqizweni bavame ukuba nesidingo esithile abafisa ukuba seneliswe. Lezidingo zingatholakala ngokubabuza abantu ngalokho abakufunayo. Ayikho inhlangano noma inhloso engenelisa zonke izidingo zalabo abafuna ukunikela. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngezimakethe ezinikelayo kusiza iNPO ekwethuleni izinhlelo nezisombululo ezenelisa lokhu okulindelwe ngabaxhasi. Nakuba izinhlangano zomphakathi zisigwema isimo sokutshelwa ngabaxhasi, zingalindela kuphela uxhaso nokwesekwa ngokwenelisa abaxhasi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zabo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifanele nezivelele kubo.
Ngalolu lwazi ngezidingo nezimfuno zabaxhasi, iNPO ingakwazi ukubumba iqhinga lokuheha ukuze ithole usizo. Noma iNPO ingaba nomcabango ngalokho okufunwa ngabantu ezigabeni ezehlukene zempilo, akufanele ikhohlwe wukuthi konke lokhu kuwumthelela wezinto ezenzeka kulomhlaba esiphila kuwo. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezinhlelo zokuqoqa izimali, kusobala ukuthi amaNPO kumele azinike isikhathi nokusebenza kanzima efuna abantu abathinteka ngezicelo ezenziwayo. Njengoba ingeminingi imithombo yabaxhasi eNingizimu Afrika, amaNPO akumele abambelele kuphela kubaxhasi anabo, kodwa mawasabalalise ugqozi ngendlela eyoheha imithombo eminingi neyoholela osizweni oluza izikhathi eziningi.
Ukuqoqa izimali akusibo ubunxibi, ukusiza abantu okunomthelela wokusiza nabanye futhi. Akukhathalekile ukuthi umuntu ubukeka noma uziphethe kanjani, bonke banogqozi ngaphakathi nolugqugquzela ukuba ngcono kunalokho ababukeka beyikho. Ukupha ngesinye sezenzo esiveza ubuntu obukhulu kithini njengabantu. Inkuthazo enkulu ngeyabantu abaphanayo - abaphi izinhlangano ezidingayo. Abesekeli izikweletu. Inhliziyo yokuqoqa izimali evelele wukuhunga amehlo abantu nokubahehela ekunikeleni - njalo njalo.
Abantu ngabanye: konke ukunikela kwenziwa ngabantu. Abanye banikela egameni lezimboni, noma njengemifelandawonye noma njengezwe abalimele.
Kuke kwenzeka nakimi - ngifuna ukusiza omunye onesidingo esifana nesami;.
Ngoba ukucelile - bengingazi ukuthi unesidingo ngaphambi kokungicela.
Izimboni: amabhizinisi anikela kuphela uma enza inzuzo, kanti izinkampani eziningi zencikisa isithunzi noma inzuzo yazo yangomuso lapho zinikela.
Ukwenza ngcono isithunzi senkampani - umphakathi uyozwa ukuthi siyawunakekela.
Ukukhuthaza izidingo zami - seseka umkhankaso wokudala amathuba emisebenzi ngoba abantu abasebenzayo bangamakhasimende ethu.
Ukuvela emphakathini - sifuna ukutshela amakhasimende ethu ukuthi seseka umphakathi.
Ukukhuthaza izinga lokuthengisa umkhiqizo - amakhasimende amaningi athokozile achaza abantu abaningi abathenga kithi.
Ngiyasithanda isiphakamiso sakho - isiphakamiso somsebenzi esethuliwe sihlangabezana nezintshisekelo zethu.
Umfelandawonye noma I-trust: isikhwama lapho umfelandawonye unikela khona ivame ukuchazwa njenge-Trust Deed. Lokhu yizinkomba zezifiso nentshisekelo yabaxhasi yokunikelela esikhwameni sabentulayo. Isikhungo kuye kudingeke sehlukane nephesenti elithile lemali yaminyaka yonke etshaliwe.
Yinkambiso esikholelwa kuyo - kusiyifiso sesizwe sonke (ukudala amathuba emisebenzi).
Uhulumeni wakwelinye izwe noma isikhungo: ohulumeni basemazweni asethuthukile bayanxuswa ukweseka amazwe asathuthuka. Esikhathini esiningi izinqumo zincika ezintweni zezombangazwe, lokhu kwenziwa njengenqubo-mgomo yasemazweni angaphandle. Ohulumeni abaningi basebenzisa izikhungo ezizimele (njengeUSAID - eMelika noma CORDAID - Inhlangano ebumbene yaseYurophu) ukwengamela uxhaso oluqondiswe ezinhlanganweni.
Kuyinqubo yethu ukusebenzisana namanye amazwe - inqubo yethu yezombusazwe isikhipha ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe lakithi.
Ukwenza ngcono umnotho - ukutshala izimali ekusimamiseni imiphakathi kunomthelela empilweni yesizwe sakusasa.
Ukusungula nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imisebenzi yesihawu ithola ukuhlonipheka nokwethembeka emphakathini, nokwazi ukuthi abaxhasi nalabo abasafisa bathola isiqiniseko esiphelele kumaNPO ngezinhloso ezicelelwa ukwesekwa.
Ukuthola incazelo ngacela izimali, kungabe ngamavolontiya, abasebenzi benhlangano noma abaqoqi-mali abaqashelwe lomsebenzi?
Ilungelo lokubuza imibuzo ngokukhululeka lapho kunikelwa, ukuthola izimpendulo eziphuthumayo, eziqondile neziyiqiniso.
Njengoba emaningi kangaka nje amaNPO lapha eNingizimu, ukuqoka lawo angesekwa kungaba yindida. Abaxhasi baqala ucwaningo ngokuzibuza imibuzo eyisisekelo njengalena: Zindaba zini ezinihluphayo Yini esondelene kakhulu nani neniyikhonzile Yini enifuna ukuyibona iguquka emphakathini noma endaweni enizungezile Ukuthola iNPO eyenza umsebenzi omuhle endaweni esemqoka kubaxhasi yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthathwa. Ngemuva kwaso, usungafuna ulwazi ngezinto ezikuthintayo nokuzibophezelela isikhathi eside. Ukuzibophezelela kwaloluhlobo kusiza iNPO ukuthuthukisa amaqhinga esikhathi esizayo nokuhlangabezana nezinkinga okusetshenzwa ngaphansi kwazo?
Yiba wumxhasi nomnikeli onolwazi. Yenza imizamo yokufunda ngalokho ocabanga ukukweseka. Uma iNPO iza kuwe, ungangabazi ukufaka imibuzo ngalokhu. AmaNPO ayazi ukuthi abaxhasi bafuna ulwazi ngohlobo lwezinhlelo abazenzayo, imigudu yokwabiwa kwezimali njalonjalo. Kumele bakwazi ukukunika izimpendulo ozifunayo.
Isabelo sezimali sokunikela. Guqula izinjongo zakho zokunikela zibe yiqhinga lokuhlela ezezimali. Ukubeka imali ethile eceleni wenzela ukunikelela imisebenzi ekhethiwe kusemqoka futhi kwenza ube namandla okunikela ngezikhathi zonke.
Gcina amalisidi akhombisa umnikelo wakho. AmaNPO kumele akhiphe amalisidi alolo nalolo xhaso. Qikelela ukuthi uyawagcina lamalisidi ukuze uhlomule ekukhokheni intela. AmaNPO amaningi eNingizimu Afrika ayakwazi ukunxephezela ngesaphulela enteleni ngaphansi koMthetho owengeziwe iSigaba 18(a) soMthetho Wentela kahulumeni (Section 18(a) of the Income Tax Act). Kumele uwuveze lomnikelo lapho ugcwalisa amafomu entela nokwenziwa minyaka yonke.
Buza ngokulinganiswa kwezipho. Abaxhasi abaningi esikhathini sanamuhla bagqugquzela amaNPO ukuba enabise isidleke noma imithombo yosizo ngokuphonsa inselelo yokuqoqa imali elingana nefakwe wumxhasi, lokhu ingakwenza ngokufuna ukwesekwa kweminye imithombo nokukhulisa umthamo woxhaso.
Unganikela ngaphandle kokudalula igama, uma uthanda. Wonke amaNPO kumele agcine isethembiso sokugodla igama labaxhasi abangafuni ukwaziwa. Akubona bonke abaxhasi abafuna ukwaziwa emphakathini ngeminikelo abayenzayo, amaNPO kumele azihloniphe lezizicelo.
Zingaphezulu kweyodwa izindlela zokunikela/zokupha: amaNPO ahlomula ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokunikela. Amafa noma imali etshaliwe, izipho zempahla, ukunikela ngesikhathi namakhono yimithombo yokweseka eyemukelekile kumaNPO ngaphandle kokukhipha imali.
Unelungelo lokwenqaba: uma umxhasi engenaso isiqiniseko noma engakhululekile ngendlela okucelwa ngayo ukweseka, unokungabaza ngobuqotho benhlangano noma ikhono lokufeza izethembiso, ungangabazi ukwenqaba. Zinike isikhathi ukuthola izimpendulo ngemibuzo onayo ukuze unethezeke ngezinqumo ozithathayo.
Unganikeli ngemali kubantu ongakaze uzwe ngabo, noma ongabethembi: zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu 90 izinhlangano zamaNPO ezifuna ukwesekwa lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Yinto evamile ukuthi kuze kuwe inhlangano ongakaze uzwe ngayo. Ngaphambi kokunikeza inhlangano ongayazi, thola ulwazi olubhaliwe ngayo, kuhlangene nomthethosisekelo wayo, amagama amalunga esigungu; imininingwane yokubhalisa nangebhange ne-akhawunti.
Thola iNPO ekulungele: izinhlangano eziningi ezincane azinazo izimali zokukhankasela uxhaso. Yiba nomdlandla wokufuna iNPO noma ambalwa asemkhakheni wakho nongaba nogqozi kuwo. Ngokwenza lolucwaningo, ungathola izinhlangano ezihambisana nezinhloso zakho.
Umsebenzi wokunikela ngezimali ezinhlanganweni zamaNPO wencikiswe kakhulu kuleyo eyenziwa ngabaxhasi basemazweni angaphandle, amatrust, imifelandawonye kanye namabhizinisi aseNingizimu Afrika. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka 1980, iNingizimu Afrika seyithole ukunakwa ngabaxhasi bakwamanye amazwe kanjalo nabangaphakathi, ngemuva kokuthola inkululeko nokusondela kuhulumeni wentando yeningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinkampani ezinikela ngemali azisavele zenze izipho nje, kodwa sezihamba ngohlelo lokutshala imali ngenhloso yokwakha nokubandakanya umphakathi kulemisebenzi. Seziqale umkhankaso wokudala ubudlelwane nemiphakathi yaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kwegama elithi "ukuzimbandakanya kwezinkampani njengesakhamuzi". Zonke izinkampani nezimboni ezinkulu ezinikelayo sezikhombise intshisekelo ekugqugquzeleni ubudlelwane phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi okuyoba nomthelela wesimo lapho kuyothuthuka kusimame khona umnotho nezimpilo zabantu.
Isitatimende esicacile: amalungelo nezifiso zezinhlangothi ezinikela ngemali, indlela yokutshala imali nemiphumela elindelwe.
Ukubuyekeza kabusha: Noma kufanelekile ukubuyekeza umbono nezinhlelo ngemuva kwezikhathi ezithile, ukwenza lokhu ngokweqile nokungahlelekile kumele kugwemeke.
Iqhaza labathintekayo: ngokufanele, uvo lwabahlomulayo ohlelweni kanye nababambe iqhaza bangaba yingxenye yokubunjwa kombono nezinhlelo zenhlangano.
Umgudu wokuthola imali: umgudu wokuthola imali kumele ube nalokhu: - umgudu ovamile, oqondene nezinto noma izindaba zokugcina inhlangano ikhona sonke isikhathi, isigqi sokuphatha, ubuqiniso benhlangano, ukuzibophezelela, iqhaza lomphakathi, ukusingathwa kwezimali kanye nokwethulwa kwemibiko. Umgudu oqondile - uqondene nemiphumela ehloswe ngohlelo ngalunye noma umsebenzi osunguliwe.
Ukusebenza ngokusobala kumele kugqugquzelwe kubo bonke ababambe iqhaza ngesikhathi intuthuko yenzeka. Abatshali-zimali nabanikelayo kumele baziphathe ngendlela eqinisa ukuzibophezelela kwabo emehlweni alabo abasebenzisana nabo.
Ukuveza yonke into: kumele kuvezwe yonke imininingwane yoxhaso noma okunikeliwe, lokhu kuhlanganisa amagama, nobukhulu bomnikelo ngoba kuyisifiso nentshisekelo yentuthuko ukwazi ngalemininingwane. Abanikela ngosizo kufanele bakweseke ukukhishwa kolwazi olufuze lolu.
c. ukugcina izidingo zomuntu ngokwakhe zisemgqeni nezimfuno zentuthuko okwesizwe okumele kukleliswe phambili: indlela elindelwe yokunikela nokupha ngosizo, imiphumela elindelwe nezinkomba zenqubekela-phambili mazibe semgqeni owodwa nokusemqoka entuthukweni yesizwe nemikhakha esondelene.
Izimfuno zomuntu ngokwakhe: uhlelo lokunikela aluhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi izidingo nezimfuno zalowo oletha usizo zingashayisani nokuphokophelelwe yinhlangano yeNPO nokuyiyo esizwayo. Inkambiso yokunikela okufanele ibonakala ezingeni lokuhlangabezana kwezidingo zomxhasi nalowo onikwa usizo.
Ulwazi olukhishwa ekuqaleni: abaxhasi nabanikela ngosizo kumele baveze kusenesikhathi ulwazi olucacile ngalenqubo elandelayo: senziwa kanjani isicelo; sifakwa nini isicelo; ithuba elivulelekile lokufaka isicelo, lapha kungacaciswe ngokusebenzisa izimpendulo zika "yebo noma chabo"; ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngemiphumela; okudingekayo lapho kwethulwa imibiko; nokuthi imali iyotholakala nini.
Ukufinyelela elwazini: ulwazi olunikwa labo abangathola usizo kumele lugqugquzele isimo lapho wonke umuntu, ikakhulu labo ababencishwe amathuba esikhathini esiphambili bengafinyelela kulo, singaphawula imiphakathi yasemaphandleni nezinhlangano, labo abangalukhulumi ulimi lwesiNgisi, amaqembu antula inqalasizinda kanye nabantu abangayejwayele inqubo yokulandela imithetho yezinkampani.
Ukuxhumana okusheshayo: isikhathi esiphakathi kokufaka isicelo nokuthola impendulo masibe sifushane ngokwanele. Uma isicelo singaphumeleli, isaziso masikhishwe ngokuphuthuma.
Isabelo-sezimali: isabelo sezimali sezinhlelo zokunika usizo noma uxhaso kumele sinqunywe kusenesikhathi. Lonke uxhaso malwenziwe luqondane naleyo mali ekhona.
Ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ngemuva kokuthola ulwazi olwenele: izinqumo kumele zisuselwe elwazini nasekuqondeni okwenele ngezindaba zentuthuko nemizekeliso eqondene. Uma kufanele, oyonikela ngosizo makathole abanolwazi oluqondene.
Ukushayisana kwezimfuno: abanikela ngosizo kumele bathathe ngokucophelela izinyathelo eziyogwema ukushayisana kwezimfuno, ikakhulu kubantu kanye nezinhlangano ezisondelene nebhodi noma ingxenye yabasebenzi benhlangano enikelayo.
Ubudlelwane kumelwe bucaciswe: isivumelwane sokuxhasa kufanele sicacise ubudlelwane phakathi komxhasi nalawo ohlomulayo kuphinde kukhulunywe nangemiphumela elindelwe.
Ukuxoxisana ngemiphumela: abanikela ngoxhaso kumele baxoxisane nenhlangano esizwayo ngemiphumela yentuthuko elindelwe ngenhloso yokwakha ubudlelwane obakhayo.
Abasesigabeni sokugcina sokuhlomula: isivumelwane kumele sicabangele izidingo zabantu okuyibona ngempela befanele ukuzuza nokucubungula umgudu ongalandelwa ukuze kufezeke lenjongo.
Izinhlelo zomnikelo noma uxhaso: izinhlelo zomnikelo kumele zibeke ngokucacile inani lemali, inhloso, ubude besikhathi somnikelo, inqubo yokukhokha, indlela yokwethula imibiko, ukuvivinywa kwenqubeko engase ibe khona kanye nemibandela okunganqanyulwa noma kumiswe ngayo uxhaso.
Inkokhelo ngesikhathi: abaxhasi kumele baqinisekise ngokulandelwa kwesheduli noma isikhathi esimisiwe sokukhokha.
Abasiza ngoxhaso kumele basebenzise izinhlelo zokunakekela ukuthi ukwengamela izinto kwenele futhi uxhaso lusetshenziswa ngenkambiso yesivumelwano.
Ukuqonda imboni yonikwe usizo.
Ukubuyekeza nokuvivinya imiphumela: nakuba zonke izinhlelo zidinga ukuvivinywa ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lenqubekela-phambili, ukuvivinywa okwenziwa ngovela ngaphandle kubalulekile. Isivivinyo esiwusizo yileso esibuyekeza amaphutha bese seneka izifundo ngawo lapho sekuhlelelwe ikusasa.
Ukweseka intuthuko enhlanganweni namalinge amahle: ukweseka intuthuko enhlanganweni kulowo onikwa usizo kungabaluleka uma isivivinyo sikhomba ukuthi ushintsho luyadingeka. Isiqalo namalinge amahle nokuqonda ulwazi nentuthuko edingekayo kumele kube yizinkomba zesivivinyo soxhaso nokwenza izincomo.
Ukuvivinya uxhaso: amaqhinga angaphakathi okuvivinya nokuhloswe ngawo ukuhlola izinhlelo kumele aba yingxenye yombandela wokunikela ngosizo. Iqhinga lemibuzo ehleliwe lingaba wusizo nesisekelo sokubuyekeza imiphumela yezinhlelo ekuhlahleni indlela yokwenza ngcono izinqumo zokuqoqa izimali.
Abaxhasi kumele batholakale ukuze babe wusizo uma bedingeka. Mabenze konke okusemandleni ukuphendula izincingo, imibuzo nezinkinga ezethulwe ngokubhalwa nokuthi uma kunemibuthano babe khona ukuzokhombisa ngemisebenzi eyenziwayo, bazame nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ukuphila kwenhlangano nangemuva kwesikhathi soxhaso: abaxhasi kumele bagqugquzele futhi beseke labo abasizwayo ekuthuthukiseni amandla namaqhinga okusebenza afanele ukuze inhlangano isimame ngisho abaxhasi bengasekho.
Ukunqoba ukwethembela kwabanye: imigomo nenqubo yabaxhasi mayidwetshwe ngendlela ehlomulisa abantu nemiphakathi. Lokhu kungazuzwa ngokugwema indlela yokusebenza lapho abantu bephiwa khona, kodwa indlela engcono yileyo enokuhlanganyela nemigomo yokuxhaso ehlelwe kahle ngenjongo yemiphumela eyobonakala nasesikhathini eside esizayo.
Isikhathi soxhaso nokuphela kwalo. Kumele kucatshangisiswe kahle ngokuqhuba uxhaso lwedlule esikhathini okuvunyelwene ngaso. Kumele kukhishwe isaziso sokuphela koxhaso. Abaxhasi banesibophezelo sokugqugquzela impilo ende nokusimama kwenhlangano, ngakho mabenze ngokusemandleni ukusiza ngezinhlelo zokwakha amaqhinga empumelelo.
Izindleko eziqondene: abaxhasi akumelanga bayekelele ukuhlangabezana nezindleko eziqondene ngqo nomsebenzi uma isivumelwane kuwukuxhasa izindleko zohlelo futhi lezizindleko zixhumene nemiphumela elindelwe.
Ubuntu nobuso balabo abathola usizo: abaxhasi kumele bafune ukusebenza ngendlela eyohlonipha ubuntu nesizotha noma isithunzi sezinhlangano ezinikwa usizo. Ubudlelwane nezinhlangano ezisizwayo makube ngobokuhloniphana lapho uhlangothi ngalunye luveza khona ngokusobala iqhaza eliyobanjwa yilo ekufezeni inhloso yentuthuko ebekiwe.
Iqhaza lomphakathi: abanikela ngoxhaso mabagqugquzele umphakathi ophiwayo ukuthi ube yingxenye yokubumba izinhlelo zaleyondawo.
Ubudlelwane bokusizana: abanikela ngoxhaso mabazame ukudala ubudlelwane bokusizana nalabo abasizwayo. Lobudlelwane abungagcini nje ekukhipheni imali, abedlulele ezintweni ezifana nesibophezelo sokwenza inhlangano ibe nobuchwepheshe, ukushiyelana isikhathi, amakhono nezinye izinsiza ezingadingeka.
Izinhlelo kumele zibuyekezwe njalo ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo senhlalo nesomnotho. Inqubo nezinhlelo mazihlale njalo zicutshungulwa ngenhloso yokuthi zisebenze kangcono. Abanikelayo mabazame ngezikhathi zonke ukwenyusa izinga lenqubo-mgomo yabo yokweseka ngosizo. Ukwenza ngcono kungafezeka ngokuhlala bexhumana nezinye izinhlaka ezixhasayo, ukuqinisekisa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokwenele nokuhamba phambili ezintweni ezenzeka kulomkhakha ngaphakathi ezweni nokubonela kwamanye amazwe.
Kuleminyaka sekubonakala ziningi izimboni ezifana nezikhiqizayo, izitolo eziyinxanxathela nezikhungo zokwebolekisa ngemali esezinegalelo ekuxhaseni izinhlangano, kungabalwa njengalezo zezingane nokongiwa kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zithola ukwaziwa emphakathini nethuba lokukhangisa kangcono ngempahla nemisebenzi yazo. Ukuxhasa ngombandela wokukhangisa noma okwaziwa kakhulu ngoxhaso lapha eNingizimu Afrika kuletha izinhlobo eziningi zamathuba ezinhlanganweni, kungaba ngezinkulu noma ezincane lapho kudaleka khona ukusebenzisana phakathi kwazo nabezimboni. Lokhu kusebenzisana kwenza wonke omdibi naloluhlelo ukuba azuze. Ibhizinisi linenhloso yokwenyusa izinga lokuthengisa umkhiqizo noma umsebenzi walo, nokwakha isithunzi esihle kumakhasimende. INPO yandisa ukwaziwa kwayo nokuqoqa imali edlulele ngokusebenzisa lomthombo omusha. Umphakathi wona uzuza ngokuzibandakanya nomkhankaso owenziwayo. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa ukuxhumana njengethuba elihle lokwandisa udumo lomkhiqizo wenkampani nendlela yokukhangisa, kanti lomkhankaso ukhokhelwa yisikhwama sesabelo sokukhangisa. Ngalendlela amaNPO anethuba lokuhlomula esikhwamaneni sabezimboni ezizimele ngaphezulu kosizo aluthola esabelweni seminikelo.
Inqubo yokukhangisa okunombandela noma uxhaso luchazwa kanje: ubudlelwane obuzuzisa bonke labo abayingxenye yohlelo, okusho inkampani kanye nenhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo, lapho inkampani iqhuba izinhloso zayo zokukhangisa nokubukisa ngomkhiqizo noma umsebenzi wayo kuthi inhlangano izuze ngokuqoqa imali kanye nokwakha isithombe esihle emphakathini ngemisebenzi yayo.
Umphumela walokhu ubonakala kakhulu emkhakheni wezemidlalo, lapho sibona abezimboni ezizimele betshala isamba esikhulu semali ekuxhaseni imidlalo efana nebhola lezinyawo bese bethola ithuba lokukhangisa komabonwakude. Inzuzo yokuvela kumabonwakude yedlula ngokuphindiwe izindleko zoxhaso, yikho kanye futhi lokhu okwenza lezizimboni ziheheke.
ukukhangisa, imikhankaso yokukhangisa naleyo yokuxhumana nomphakathi: amabhizinisi anikwa imvume yokusebenzisa amagama amaNPO (logo) emaphepheni nalapho ekhangisa emaphepheni.
Iphesenti lokuthengisiwe: indlela elula nevamile ngeyokunikela kumaNPO ngephesenti elithile lomkhiqizo wempahla ethengisiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yiphesenti elithile lomthamo wokuthengisa, kungasetshenziswa ingxenyana yentengiso kumakhadi emali okukweletisa noma eshekeni ngalinye bese yedluliselwa kwiNPO.
uxhaso: abezimboni ezizimele bathola ukwaziwa ngokuxhasa izindleko ezithwalwa yinhlangano lapho inkankasela ukuqoqa izimali.
Ubudlelwane nenhlangano: inkampani kuyenzeka idayise amakhadi ayo okukweletisa, umshuwalense neminye imikhiqizo noma imisebenzi kubalandeli beNPO bese bedlulisela enhlanganweni iphesenti elithile noma imali eyinani eliqondile enhlanganweni sebebonga lelilungelo.
Ukukhangisa okunombandela noma uxhaso yisivumelwane sokuhweba, akusiso nje isigameko sokuqoqa imali. Kumele iNPO iqaphelisise lapho ikhetha lowo eyosebenzisana naye kanti kusemqoka ukucwaninga ngokuzwana kwesiko noma inkambiso yomkhiqizo waleyo nkampani nenhlangano uqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani nayo ifuna ukuxhasa iNPO noma injongo ehambisana nesithunzi kanye nezinhloso zayo.
Ubude besikhathi sezinhlelo nezinhloso, ukucaciswa komgamu wemakethe yemboni nesizinda seNPO.
Kafushane nje, inhloso enkulu yenkampani ngokukhangisa okunombandela noma uxhaso, wukudayisa umkhiqizo omningi wenkampani. AmaNPO asuke engena kulobudlelwane ngolwazi lokuthi nawo ayingxenye efanayo nenkampani nokuthi aletha umthelela omuhle enkampanini lapho nayo iyohlomula ngokuba ngabaxhasi. Inhloso-nqangi yeNPO ukuqoqa imali eningi ukuze ifeze impokophelelo yayo. Lezinhloso ezehlukile zalamaqembu zingaphilisana ngaphandle kokudala ingxabano.
Ukugqugquzela abamabhizinisi ayinxanxathela, abasebenzi nabathengisayo.
Izivumelwane zokuxhasa ezenzwe ngomlomo azizinhle. Isivumelwane esibophezelayo nesisemthethweni kumele sibhalwe, nesichaza imibandela nokulindelwe ezinhlangothini zombili. Isivumelwane siphawula ukuthi uhlangothi ngalunye kufanele lwenzeni nokuthi yini okungafanele yenziwe, ngakho kumele sisuse konke okungaba yindida nokungaqondi. Asenziwe ngendlela evikela iNPO nenkampani.
Abaxhasi abayitholanga imali yokubamba iqhaza noma yabathile ohlelweni lokuxhasa.
Esinye isivumelwane mayelana nokuphatha noma umsebenzi wasehovisi oncikene nohlelo noma umcimbi; ukusebenzisana nezinye izinkontileka zangaphandle njengezingosi zokukhangisa; ukuhlelwa kwemihlangano; ukugcinwa kwamalekhodi; ukukhishwa kwemibiko yenqubeko.
Izinhlangano ezingasebenzeli nzuzo noma labo abaqoqa izimali/abanikela ngazo nabasebenzelana nabo bayohlonipha imigomo yokuziphatha kahle.
Inhlangano, ukubuswa kwayo nabangaphansi kwayo bayavuma ukuthi uma betholwe bephambene nalemigomo, bayocubungula isimo ngasinye ngokulandela umthethosiseklo wenhlangano nemibandela yokubhalisa kwayo.
Uyokwamukela ukuphenywa okulandela inqubo-mgomo yangaphakathi enhlanganweni noma imibandela yesivumelwane lapho etholwa enza okuphambene nemithetho yalomgomo.
Uyovuma ukuthi uma itholwa iphambene nemigomo ebekiwe, inhlangano iyophenywa ngokulandela inqubo-mgomo yangaphakathi enhlanganweni nemigomo ephathelene.
